Gas Reserves By Country

Source: OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2023According to current estimates, 79.5% (1,243.52 billion barrels) of the world's proven oil reserves are located in OPEC Member Countries, with the bulk of OPEC oil reserves in the Middle East, amounting to 67.2% of the OPEC total.

Foreign exchange reserves, also called Forex reserves, are, in a strict sense, only foreign-currency deposits held by nationals and monetary authorities. However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and IMF reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available and also arguably more meaningful.[citation needed]

Download File 🔥 https://fancli.com/2y7ZsJ 🔥

These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. Dollar, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Pound Sterling, and the Chinese Yuan) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the Central bank by the government or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations are converting foreign-exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size.[citation needed]

The five countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves almost all have reserves of at least 500 billion USD and higher and have maintained such an amount for at least a week. At present there are only six countries whose reserves are at such a figure; this includes China, Japan, Switzerland, India, Russia and Taiwan. Saudi Arabia formerly included on the list until March 2020; its reserves were severely depleted by the low oil price during the economic fallout of from the global outbreak of coronavirus disease, its ongoing oil price war with Russia and competition from US shale oil.[96]

The foreign-exchange reserves of China are the greatest of all countries and have been so for more than 14 years.[97][98] The main composition of Chinese forex reserves is approximately two-thirds USD and one-fifth Euros with the rest made up of Japanese Yen and the British Pound. China was the second country to reach $500 billion and the first to reach $1 trillion in reserves. China is also the only country that reached net reserves of $2 trillion and $3 trillion. Chinese forex reserve reached over $3.993 trillion and possibly reached $4 trillion before July 2014 but there was no official figures to confirm it.

China began reducing its forex reserves in July 2014 over concerns that the forex reserve level was too high. The practice lasted one and a half years. In January 2017, Chinese forex reserves dipped below $3 trillion briefly and have since remained above that level.

Japanese forex reserves are the second largest in the world. Japan was the first country to reach $500 billion in reserves and had the highest forex reserves in the world until they were surpassed by China in 2006. They have remained in second place since 2006 and above $1 trillion since 2008, being the second country to surpass $1 trillion.[99]

Swiss forex reserves are the third largest in the world. Switzerland became the fifth country to reach $500 Billion in 2014 after Saudi Arabia and the third country to reach $1 trillion at the end of 2020. Swiss reserves are compiled in Swiss francs. Since the Financial crisis of 2007-2008, the Swiss franc has significantly appreciated against other currencies due to Switzerland's traditional perceived safety which has attracted speculative foreign capital; due to the inflows of investment income by Swiss firms, and due to the large surplus in the trade of goods. In order to protect the real economy from the sudden speculative appreciation of the currency, the Swiss National Bank began intervening in the currency markets, first with an explicit target of a maximum exchange rate against the euro of 1.20CHF/EUR until 2015,[100] and then through implicit interventions. However, the resilience of the export sector and the continued inflows of capital, has meant that the Swiss Franc has kept appreciating.[101] As a result of this, the SNB has been unable to dispose of its large accumulated foreign exchange reserves since their sale would lead to an even greater appreciation of the currency.

The Foreign-exchange reserves of India are the world's fourth largest. On 4 June 2021 reserves exceeded $600 billion for the first time and they became the fifth country after Switzerland to do so.[102] During the 1991 Indian economic crisis country only had $5 billion of reserves left which led to subsequent economic liberalisation.[103] Since then the reserves have seen a 127 times increase over 30 years.

Russian reserves are the world's fifth largest; They have reached a level of $600 billion on 21 May 2021. They were the third country to reach $500 billion.[104] The first fall in reserves was due to the Great Recession, the second fall in 2015 was due to falling oil prices.

IMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves. The data are reported to the IMF on a voluntary and confidential basis. As of Q4 2016, there are 146 reporters, consisting of IMF member countries, a number of non-member countries/economies, and other entities holding foreign exchange reserves. From Q4 2016, the data was expanded to include renminbi (RMB).[105] Monetary gold is not covered in COFER but included in reserved assets, a broader scope than that of COFER.[106]

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

In 2021, global reserves of graphite were estimated to be over 330 million tonnes. Turkey has the largest reserves of graphite, followed by China and Brazil. Together these three countries accounted for 70% of the estimated world graphite reserves.

This bar graph shows the world reserves of bauxite ore by country in billions of tonnes for 2020. Guinea held the largest reserves, with 7.4 billion tonnes, followed by Australia (5.1 billion tonnes), Vietnam (3.7 billion tonnes), Brazil (2.7 billion tonnes), Jamaica (2.0 billion tonnes), Indonesia (1.2 billion tonnes) and other countries (7.6 billion tonnes).

Countries hold foreign reserves for several reasons including balancing international trade, intervening in the currency markets to stabilize the domestic currency, as liquidity in times of crisis, and to provide confidence for foreign and domestic investors."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Why Are China's Foreign Reserves So Large?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "China is a net exporter of goods, with much of that foreign trade being conducted in U.S. dollars. Chinese companies thus receive U.S. dollars but must convert them into Chinese currency via the banking system. The banks then reconcile these with the central bank. The central bank then uses the dollars to purchase U.S. government securities, which are considered to be among the safest investments on the planet."}},{"@type": "Question","name": "Why Might a Country Run Out of Foreign Reserves?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "A country might draw down its foreign reserves if it needs to sell them in order to stabilize its currency or prop up its economy, especially if the domestic currency falters."}}]}]}] Investing Stocks Bonds ETFs Options and Derivatives Commodities Trading FinTech and Automated Investing Brokers Fundamental Analysis Technical Analysis Markets View All Simulator Login / Portfolio Trade Research My Games Leaderboard Banking Savings Accounts Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Money Market Accounts Checking Accounts View All Personal Finance Budgeting and Saving Personal Loans Insurance Mortgages Credit and Debt Student Loans Taxes Credit Cards Financial Literacy Retirement View All News Markets Companies Earnings CD Rates Mortgage Rates Economy Government Crypto ETFs Personal Finance View All Reviews Best Online Brokers Best Savings Rates Best CD Rates Best Life Insurance Best Personal Loans Best Mortgage Rates Best Money Market Accounts Best Auto Loan Rates Best Credit Repair Companies Best Credit Cards View All Academy Investing for Beginners Trading for Beginners Become a Day Trader Technical Analysis All Investing Courses All Trading Courses View All TradeSearchSearchPlease fill out this field.SearchSearchPlease fill out this field.InvestingInvesting Stocks Bonds ETFs Options and Derivatives Commodities Trading FinTech and Automated Investing Brokers Fundamental Analysis Technical Analysis Markets View All SimulatorSimulator Login / Portfolio Trade Research My Games Leaderboard BankingBanking Savings Accounts Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Money Market Accounts Checking Accounts View All Personal FinancePersonal Finance Budgeting and Saving Personal Loans Insurance Mortgages Credit and Debt Student Loans Taxes Credit Cards Financial Literacy Retirement View All NewsNews Markets Companies Earnings CD Rates Mortgage Rates Economy Government Crypto ETFs Personal Finance View All ReviewsReviews Best Online Brokers Best Savings Rates Best CD Rates Best Life Insurance Best Personal Loans Best Mortgage Rates Best Money Market Accounts Best Auto Loan Rates Best Credit Repair Companies Best Credit Cards View All AcademyAcademy Investing for Beginners Trading for Beginners Become a Day Trader Technical Analysis All Investing Courses All Trading Courses View All EconomyEconomy Government and Policy Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy Economics View All Financial Terms Newsletter About Us Follow Us Table of ContentsExpandTable of ContentsLargest Foreign ReservesFAQsThe Bottom LineGuide to Forex TradingStrategy & Education10 Countries With the Biggest Forex ReservesByElvis Picardo Full Bio Elvis Picardo is a regular contributor to Investopedia and has 25+ years of experience as a portfolio manager with diverse capital markets experience.Learn about our editorial policiesUpdated March 07, 2023Reviewed byThomas Brock Reviewed byThomas BrockFull BioThomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more than 20 years of experience in various areas including investing, insurance portfolio management, finance and accounting, personal investment and financial planning advice, and development of educational materials about life insurance and annuities.Learn about our Financial Review BoardFact checked bySuzanne Kvilhaug Fact checked bySuzanne KvilhaugFull BioSuzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Finance degree from Bridgewater State University and helps develop content strategies for financial brands.Learn about our editorial policiesTrending VideosForeign currency reserves are vital to a nation's economic well-being. Without adequate reserves, a country may be unable to pay for critical imports, such as crude oil, or service its external debt. Inadequate reserves can also limit a central bank's available responses in the event of an economic crisis. 006ab0faaa