Here we provide references that explore variations in gender and sex both in terms of skeletal phenotype but also in interpretation and perspective.
Adams, Donovan M., Samantha H. Blatt, Taylor M. Flaherty, Jaxson D. Haug, Mariyam I. Isa, Amy R. Michael, and Ashley C. Smith. 2023 "Shifting the Forensic Anthropological Paradigm to Incorporate the Transgender and Gender Diverse Community." Humans 3(3):142-165.
Astorino, C.M., 2019. Beyond Dimorphism: Sexual Polymorphism and Research Bias in Biological Anthropology. American Anthropologist 121(2):489-490.
Bethard, Jonathan D., and Caroline VanSickle. 2020 "Applications of Sex Estimation in Paleoanthropology, Bioarchaeology, and Forensic Anthropology." In Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton. A.R. Klales, ed. Pp. 25-34: Academic Press.
Garofalo, E. M., and Garvin, H. M. (2020). The confusion between biological sex and gender and potential implications of misinterpretations. In A. R. Klales, (Ed., Sex estimation of the human skeleton (pp 35-52). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
Geller, Pamela L. 2017 Bioarchaeology of Socio-Sexual Lives. Switzerland: Springer.
Haug, Jaxson D. 2023 "Gender Identities and Intersectional Violence within Forensic Anthropology." In The Marginalized in Death: A Forensic Anthropology of Intersectional Identity in the Modern Era. Pp. 175-201. Washington, DC: Lexington Books.
Klales, Alexandra R. 2021 "Current State of Sex Estimation in Forensic Anthropology." Forensic Anthropology 4(2):118-127.
Meredith, S.L., Schmitt, C.A., 2019. The Outliers Are In: Queer Perspectives on Investigating Variation in Biological Anthropology. American Anthropologist 121(2):487-489.
Schall, Jenna L., Tracy L. Rogers, and Jordan C. Deschamps-Braly. 2020 "Breaking the Binary: The Identification of Trans-Women in Forensic Anthropology." Forensic Science International 309:110220.
Smith, R.W.A., Archer, S.M., 2019. Bisexual Science. American Anthropologist 121(2):491-492.
Tallman, S., Kincer, C., and Plemons, E. (Early view). Centering transgender individuals in forensic anthropology and expanding binary sex estimation in casework and research. Forensic Anthropology.