• Science helps them develop curiosity and wonder about the world around them.

• Science fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are essential for life and learning.

• It enhances their creativity and imagination by allowing them to test their ideas and hypotheses.

• It builds their confidence and self-esteem by enabling them to achieve their goals and overcome challenges.

• It exposes them to diverse fields and careers that are related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

• It prepares them for the future by equipping them with the knowledge and skills to cope with the changing and complex world.

• 0-2 years: Provide children with sensory materials, such as water, sand, clay, or foam, that they can explore with their hands, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. Encourage them to notice the different properties, textures, sounds, smells, and tastes of the materials. Ask them questions about what they observe and how they feel.

• 2-3 years: Provide children with simple experiments, such as mixing colors, making bubbles, or growing plants, that they can observe and participate in. Encourage them to predict what will happen, test their ideas, and compare the results. Ask them questions about what they did and why they think it happened.

• 3-5 years: Provide children with inquiry projects, such as building a bridge, designing a toy, or investigating a bug, that they can plan and carry out with their peers. Encourage them to use their imagination, creativity, and problem-solving skills to complete the projects. Ask them questions about what they learned and how they can improve their work.

• 6-8 years: Provide children with digital tools, such as tablets, computers, or cameras, that they can use to create and share their own scientific products, such as videos, podcasts, or presentations. Encourage them to use the features and functions of the tools to enhance their products, such as editing, adding effects, or captions. Ask them questions about what they want to communicate and how they can do it effectively.

Inquiry-based learning: This is the approach of engaging students in asking questions, conducting investigations, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating their findings. Inquiry-based learning can help students develop scientific skills, knowledge, and attitudes.

Project-based learning: This is the approach of involving students in authentic and meaningful projects that require them to apply their scientific understanding and skills to solve real-world problems or challenges. Project-based learning can help students develop creative thinking, collaboration, and communication skills.

Conceptual change: This is the approach of addressing students’ prior knowledge, misconceptions, or alternative conceptions that may interfere with their learning of scientific concepts. Conceptual change can help students revise their existing ideas and construct new and more accurate understandings.

Differentiated instruction: This is the approach of adapting the content, process, product, or environment of instruction to meet the diverse needs, interests, and abilities of students. Differentiated instruction can help students learn at their own pace and level, and achieve their full potential.

Formative assessment: This is the approach of using various methods and tools to monitor and provide feedback on students’ learning progress and performance during the instruction. Formative assessment can help students identify their strengths and weaknesses, and improve their learning outcomes.