Mobile and Open Learning Context

Community of Inquiry Framework

At the moment, digital media and mobile devices are mainly used to distribute and manage learning content. It has not been used to enable creative learning and collaboration to its fullest potential (Wierzbicki & Nakamori, 2005). As students’ learning needs change in a time of crisis, it may be beneficial to adhere mobile hybrid learning to the framework of “Community of Inquiry” (Garrison et al., 2000). Under this framework, meaningful learning occurs through the interaction between cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence (Garrison et al., 2000). Students can establish their unique ideas, critical thinking skills and reflections based on their own circumstances (Kohls et al., 2018).

Mobile Devices and Hybrid Learning

Mobile devices in hybrid learning create an open and student-centered learning environment. Students can access content, and collaborate with instructors and peers more easily. Real-life experiences can be incorporated into learning through both instructor and learner participation. This supports the COI framework. Mobile devices also allow students to achieve anywhere, anytime learning (Kohls et al., 2018). By adapting to mobile learning early, students can better prepare for times of crisis, creating more seamless transitions and better learning outcomes.

Multi-modal Learning

Hybrid learning can incorporate BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) approach. When students are attending the in-person course components, they can use their devices to participate in the course and increase interaction. When they are in online course components, app-based learning can be interactive, engaging, and informative for learners (Kohls et al., 2018).

Communication & Collaboration

As addressed in the COI framework, collaboration is vital for students' learning experience and construction of knowledge (Garrison et al., 2000). Mobile devices can enhance communication and collaboration between learners and instructors. Devices can be used for video meetings, discussion forums and chats. The collaborative learning meets learners' need to engage with instructor, peers and the content in their learning environments.

Accessibility & Preparation

Mobile devices have unique functions, such as recording videos and messages, calculations, directions, etc. It also provides digital features such as voice commands, speech control, voice to text, and much more to help students learn. These features enhance accessibility, and can better support students' in their blended learning spaces, and help them achieve their learning goals and prepare for future crises (Kohls et al., 2018).

Hybrid Open Learning

Higher education courses often involve learners beyond classrooms. Many working professionals participate and engage in higher education coursework for professional development. Students from all over the world may want to attend courses offered by prestigious institutions. Therefore, higher education host a wonderful opportunity for opening learning. When incorporating open learning features into hybrid learning, it provides flexibility and personalization beyond the in-personal components and course contents, venturing into the open educational resources. This form of learning provides students with more freedom, reach more learners, and adapts them for times of crises (Crawford, 2016).

Open Educational Resources (OER)

Open educational resources, such as videos and e-books, can provide a diverse learning environment and experience for students. OER increases access to knowledge and it is often cost-effective. It enhances learning outcome and supports life-long learning (Adil et al., 2022).

Flexibility & Adaptability

With open resources, students can choose when and where to engage with course content, instructors and peers. They can personalize their progress in the course at their own pace and revisit materials as needed (Adil et al., 2022).

Accessibility & Inclusivity

The open nature of the courses would ensure more accessibility to students from different parts of the world, reducing educational barriers for those that may not be able to participate in traditional in-person education (Adil et al., 2022).

Challenges and Future of Hybrid Learning

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