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photo - “Iran Dress Code - like a Local [What to Wear in Iran].” Borders of Adventure, 7 May 2019, www.bordersofadventure.com/iran-dress-code-what-to-wear/.
The implementation of the prohibition on the use of the hijab resulted in a multitude of protests from the general public, with the majority of Iranian women exhibiting resistance. Forms of resistance included the use of the hijab and veil as a revolutionary symbol against Westernization policies. Women, as an extraordinary driving force, were then used as a symbol of the Islamist state after the revolution occurred. Thus, after the 1979 revolution, the regulation on compulsory hijab was enforced in Iran.
Written by: Egydhia Zalfa Salsabila
Written by: Egydhia Zalfa Salsabila
The government of Iran exercises comprehensive control over the matter of dress. Women are the most adversely affected in this regard, with one of the most contentious issues being that of the hijab. The politics of dress originated in the 1920s, when women were compelled to remove their hijab and substitute it with a handkerchief, thereby emulating Turkish style. In the subsequent years, men's attire was also subjected to regulation, with the introduction of the requirement to wear Pahlavi hats. The current Turkish government is led by Reza Khan, who also enacted legislation banning the use of the hijab and veil. As a consequence of this legislation, a significant number of women removed their hijabs, particularly those belonging to the upper class, who responded favourably. However, some women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were reluctant to venture outside. At that time, police officers detained women wearing the hijab and compelled them to remove it. The issue of the hijab became a significant point of contention between proponents of modernity and those who sought to uphold Islamic authority. Those who wore it were constrained by the rules and lacked the freedom to express themselves.
photo - https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4521444,00.html
The mandatory hijab for women was gradually imposed on all women and girls over the age of nine, irrespective of their religious or spiritual beliefs. Furthermore, the mandatory hijab was extended to state guests. The government's dress code encompasses the use of black attire, the donning of the hijab, loose-fitting garments, the avoidance of excessive makeup, and the adherence to Islamic standards of modesty. In accordance with the pertinent legislation, the wearing of the hijab is a mandatory requirement for women. Those who refuse to wear the hijab are subject to tazir (discretionary punishment), which may entail imprisonment for a period of ten days to two months, in addition to a fine of 20 dollars. Another source of distress is the Iranian government's enactment of legislation that combines accusations of public indecency with other offenses. The law carries a penalty of imprisonment for a period of up to ten years, thus subjecting victims who refuse to wear the hijab to twofold sanctions.
As a consequence of these regulations, women are increasingly discouraged from pursuing careers outside the home, thereby thwarting their aspirations of assuming a prominent role in society. This is particularly evident in the context of the enactment of laws by the clerical regime that effectively constrained women's ability to express themselves and the subsequent erosion of the legal safeguards that had previously protected them. For example, the rule of misconduct in domestic relations was revoked, and the minimum age of marriage for women was set at 13 years old. Additionally, the dispensation for minors to marry, contingent upon parental approval, was introduced.
Women in Iran have been engaged in a sustained resistance movement against the Iranian government for several years, advocating for
women's independence and freedom. Nevertheless, on September 20, 2023, the Iranian parliament enacted a bill entitled "Hijab and Chastity." The bill provides for the punishment of those who dress "inappropriately" in public with 5-10 years in prison and a fine of up to 8,550 dollars. Additionally, regulations have been established for those who promote nudity, drop headscarves, and mock headscrves, as well as the obligation to keep headscarves on in cars Eight United Nations human rights experts have issued a strongly worded condemnation of the bill, stating that it violates fundamental human rights, including the right to freedom of expression and access to social services. They argue that the bill perpetuates systemic discrimination, which pressures women into submission.
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