Documentation

Production of CEB and earth walls

CMHC Housing Research - Canada. Research to help the housing industry develop and improve sound building performance practices and green building technologies that lead to real benefits for Canadians. $360,000 of grants already provided to encourage researchers working in universities, private consulting firms, housing-related professions and the housing industry to conduct research on housing issues. CMHC published the final reports. The ERP has provided over 600 grants for research on a number of topics such as energy efficiency, sustainability, and housing conditions. Under the program launched in 1980, applications are submitted in the fall and reviewed in February. Grant recipients are selected on the basis of the quality of their proposals by a national committee of housing experts.

Compressed Earth Block Construction , Ginette Dupuy, Canada, CMHC (1999) Studies suitability of Quebec soils for CEB construction. Soil analysed by the Université de Sherbrooke. Certification of earth material. Three of the soils were chosen to make compressed earth blocks. With the help of the École nationale des travaux publics de l’État (ENTPE) and Concordia University (thermal and compression tests). Simulated dvarious walls made of CEB using EMPTY software and test for rigorous winters This research project suppports the use of CEB by architects, builders, self-builders, and anyone who wants to build using healthy and environmentally sound methods.

CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR STABILIZED COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC

Construction of CEB buildings

A Best Practices Manual for Using Compressed Earth Blocks in Sustainable Home Construction in Indian Country (for Native Americans) -U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy, Development and Research, Thomas Bowen, University of Colorado, Boulder (2017)

Bâtir un mur en briques de terre compressée (Building a CEB wall) - Livret stagiaire, Le Village, France

Notice de Pose (Complete set of instructions for CEB Installation) - Brique de Guyanne, French Guyanna

Technical document useful for obtaining Building Permits

Technical Certification - Brique de Guyanne, French Guyanna

Academic Research 

Performance Of CEB and sandwitched panels  with natural skins -Kenneth David Mak,  Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada (2014)

Structural Testing Of CEB And Straw Bale Panels - Graham Tattersall, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada (2013)

Design of interlocking bricks for enhanced wall construction flexibility, alignment accuracy and load bearing - Simion Hosea Kintingu, University of Warwick, UK  (2009)

Gallegos, H. (1988). Mortarless masonry: the Mecano system. International Journal of Housing Science and its Applications V12, No. 2, 145–157. ISBN/ISSN: 0146-6518

Gazzola EA & Drysdale RG. (1989). Strength and deformation properties of dry-stacked surface bonded low density block masonry. Proceedings of the 5th Canadian Masonry Symposium, Vancouver 5-7 Vol. 5, pp. 609–618.

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Gilroy, D. Goffi, E.D. (2001). Modular interlocking brick system in wide use at BHP, AISE Steel Technology, January.

Gooding, D.E.M. (1993). Soil Testing for Soil-Cement Block Preparation. Working Paper No. 38. Development Technology Unit, University of Warwick. Coventry. England.

Gooding, D.E.M. (1994). Improved Processes for Production Soil-Cement Building Blocks. Development Technology Unit, University of Warwick. Coventry. England.

Grimm, C.T., (1974) Masonry Construction Operations, Journal of the Construction divisions, ASCE Vol. 100, No. CO2 – pgs 71-185

Haener. (1984). Stacking mortarless block system. In Engineering Design Manual, Atkinson Engineering, Inc., Hamilton, Ontario, 1984.

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Harris H. G., Oh K. and Hamid A. A. (1992). Development of new interlocking and mortarless block masonry units for efficient building systems. Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Masonry Symposium, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada.

Hendry, A. W., Sinha, B. P., Davis, S. R. (1997). Design of Masonry Structures. London: E & F.N. Spon

Hines, T (1992). The use of mortarless, dry-stack, concrete masonry as a contributor to affordable construction. Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Structural Masonry for Developing Countries, Madras

Hines, T (1993). Benefits of dry-stack interlocking concrete masonry as a component of cost effective construction. Proceedings of the 6th North American Masonry Conference, Philadelphia, 849–861.
Houben, H. Guillaud, H. (1994).

Earth Construction: A Comprehensive Guide. CRATerre – EAG. Intermediate Technology Publications. London, England.

Housing Forum, (2001), The Green Guide to Housing Specification – Six Guiding Principles to Improve the Sustainability of the Housing Construction Industry. July Issue Hydraform (1988). Illustrations of the Hydraform Building Systerm, Hydraform Africa (Pty) Limited, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Hydraform, (2004). Hydraform Training Manual. Johannesburg 220 Rondebult road, Libradene boksburt. P.O.Box 17570, Sunward park 1470. (www.hydraform.com)

Small - Scale Manufacture of Stabilised Soil Blocks. International Labour Organization Office, Geneva, Switzerland. International Labour Organization, (1990). Small-scale Brick Making: Technical Memorandum No. 6. Technology Series, International Labour Office. Geneva, Switzerland.

Jaafar M. S., Thanoon W. A., Najm A. M., Abdulkadir M. R. and ALI A. A. (2006). Strength correlation between individual block, prism and basic wall panel for load bearing interlocking mortarless hollow block masonry.

Construction and Building Materials, 20, Jaafar, M.S. Alwathaf, A.H Thanoon, W.A Noorzai, J. Abdulkadir, M.R.(2006) Behaviour of interlocking mortarless block masonry, Proceedings of Institute of Engineering, Construction Materials 159 August, Issue CM3 Keef L. (2005)

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Kerali, A.G., (2001), Durability of Compressed and Cement-Stabilised Building Blocks. PhD. Thesis, University of Warwick – School of Engineering.

Kintingu, S.H. (2003). Interlocking Bricks Presser Machine an Appropriate Technology for Brick Production. Construction Industry Forum proceedings . – Dar es Salaam. Tanzania.

Knight, T. (1997). On behalf of the Brick Development Association. Creative Brick work. By Arnold, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH. ISBN 0 340 67643 4.

Kruse, C. (2004) International Investors Group on Climate Change (IIGCC) Brief Note, Climate Change and the Construction Sector, ISIS Asset Management. Kua, H., Lee, S., (2001), Demonstration Intelligent Building – A methodology for the Promotion of Total Sustainability in the built Environment. Building and Environment Laquian, A, A. (1983).

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Canada Lea, F.M. (1976). The chemistry of cement and concrete. 3rd Edition. Edward Anorld (Pblishers) Limited. London, England. 

Love, B and Gamble, J. (1985). The Meccano System and the Special Purpose Meccano sets, New Cvendish books, London.
 

Lynch, G. (1994). Brickwork Volume 1; History, Technology and Practice, Vol.1. London, Donhead Publishing ltd. 28 Southdean Garden, Wimbledon, London SW19 6NU. ISBN 1 8733 940 20.

Maasdorp, G.G. and Humphreys, A.S.B. (1975). From Shantytown to township: an economic study of African poverty and rehousing in a South African City, Cape Town: Juta. Maniatidis, V. & Walker, P. (2003). 

A Review of Rammed Earth Construction for DTI Partners in Innovation Project ‘Developing Rammed Earth for UK Housing’. Natural Building Technology Group, Department of Architecture & Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY. Marchal, G. (2001). ‘Decreasing Pollution,' cement and Building Materials Review 3, (AUCBM).

Marzahn G. (1998). The shear strength of dry-stacked masonry walls. Leipzig Annual Civil Engineering Report

Marzahn G. (1999). Investigation on the initial settlement of dry-stacked masonry under compression. Leipzig Annual Civil Engineering Report: 4: 253–269. ISBN/ISSN: 1432-6590

Marzahn, G. and G. Konig (2002). Experimental Investigation of Long-Term Behavior of Dry-Stacked Masonry, Journal of the Masonry Society, December, McAuslan, P., (1985), Urban Land and Shelter for the Poor. London: Earthscan.
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Development of dry stacked clay masonry wall systems. Proceedings of the 7th Canadian Masonry Symposium, Hamilton, McKusick, M. (1997). Discavaring Late Erector 1963-1988, Ashton Press, Lowa City.

Montgomery, D.E., (2002). Dynamically Compacted Cement-Stabilised Soil Blocks for Low-cost Walling. PhD. Thesis, University of Warwick – School of Engineering. Morris, J. Booysen, Q. (2000). Earth Construction in Africa. Proceedings: Strategies for a Sustainable Built Environment, Pretoria, 23-25 August 2000.

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NCMA TEK 14-22 Structural (2003). “Design and construction of dry-stack masonry walls”, National Concrete Masonry Association 2302 Horse Pen Road, Herndon, Virginia 20171 – 3499 (www.ncma.org).

Norton, J., (1997). Building with Earth: A handbook. London: Intermediate Technology.
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Mechanism Projects in the Cement Industry using Process-Step Benchmarking Approach, Report No. LBNL 45346 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory US.

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Sanders, S.R. Thomas, R.H. (1991). Factors affecting masonry labor productivity, Journal of construction Engineering Management 1991, Vol.117 N4, pp.626-644. ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364.
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Thanoon W. A., Jaafar M. S., Abdulkadir M. R., Ali A. A., Trikha D. N. and Najm A. M. (2004). Development of an innovative interlocking load bearing hollow block system in Malaysia. Construction and Building Materials, 18, No. 6, 445–454.

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