Definition
Action research is defined as any systematic inquiry conducted by teachers, administrators, counselors, or others with a vested interest in the teaching and learning process or environment for the purpose of gathering information about how their particular schools operate, how they teach, and how their students learn" (Mills, 2011)
My definition: Action research is a method of research that checks and organizes the observations and perceptions of the field experience and the results. One of the characteristics of action research is that the planning-practice-monitoring-discovery process is repeated to solve the identified problem.
Steps in Action Research Process
Traditional Research
Traditional Research in education is typically conducted by researchers who are somewhat removed from the environment they are studying (Mertler, 2016). The process of traditional research is that identifies research problems, review literature, establishes research hypotheses, and receive conclusions and feedback through data collection and analysis.
I believe that traditional studies, also known as experimental studies or quantitative studies, are more based on theory, and scientific and systematic research has been done using various methods. Traditional research is mainly conducted by university professors and scholars and is easier to generalize than action research. Traditional research seeks generalization in relation to various variables, and aims to provide a way to solve problems.
5 Steps in the Traditional Research Process
Qualitative Research Design
Definition
Qualitative research is mainly exploratory research design, which tries to interpret and understand the meaning of phenomena with the researchers' intuitive insights. This research method is focused on describing phenomena as verbal descriptions without quantifying them to see things as they are, and understanding small cases in-depth and in a comprehensive way.
Through qualitative research, researchers can find in-depth, detailed facts and provide insight into problems. Furthermore, this research design has flexibility in research design and data collection and can be investigated in small groups and samples. However, due to its strong subjectivity, it does not match the application of reality and empirical verification results, and there are many limitations to the generalization.
Quantitative Research Design
Definition
Quantitative research is a research design that attempts to analyze it through quantified data based on some data. Quantitative research is also called traditional research, conventional research, and empirical research. Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results in a wider population.
This research design allows objective research that excludes the subjective values of researchers and enables accurate and precise research using statistical techniques. However, it is difficult to implement in areas that are difficult to quantify, such as the mental and subjective fields of human beings.
Definition
The Mixed methods research is a research design that mixes or combines the techniques, methods, approaches, concepts, and languages used in qualitative and quantitative research into single research. The features of this research maximize the advantages of quantitative and qualitative research and overcome the limitations that can come from the application of a single method of research.
In addition, it has a pragmatic foundation that provides a way to find more accurate answers to research problems that researchers have and values them for practical utility.
ETEC 543 Technology & Learning I
The purpose of my research was to find out how augmented reality technology affects students in physical education classes. I looked for examples of augmented reality used in education to conduct this action research. I could find various literature reviews, but few matched my topic. So I proceeded my action research report through a case of augmented reality, which is similar to physical education, to health and cognitive ability. I learned that it takes a lot of time and effort to write a paper. Designing, collecting data, analyzing data, and generating reports from the results was a complex task. Based on this experience, I will make more efforts to write more systematic and professional writing of future action research.
ETEC 643 Technology and Learning II
The purpose of my research was to find out how virtual reality technology has a relationship with students in PE class. I reviewed various research materials based on virtual reality used in education for this study. I could find various literary reviews, but virtual reality studies on physical education were hard to find. Research into virtual reality has been done for a long time, but there are not many physical subjects. I felt it took a lot of process and effort to write my thesis. This time, I learned a new method, a hybrid method, and learned how to write a research report. Based on this experience, I will work harder to write my thesis in a systematic and professional way in the future.
McMillan, J, H. (2008). Fundamentals of educational research, Revised edition of: Educational research. 6th ed. 2012.
Mertler, C. A. (2014). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
Traditional research(image):https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/education/news/perspectives-the-uk-improving-research-universities-bangladesh-1760944
Qualitative Research Design(image): https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/blog/post-event-survey-ds00/
Quantitative Research Design(image): https://insights.dice.com/2019/10/31/tell-me-about-yourself-interview/
Research image from: https://digitalethicslab.oii.ox.ac.uk/the-petras-internet-of-things-research-hub/
Source from(5 Steps in the Traditional Research Process): http://acqnotes.com/acqnote/careerfields/5-steps-in-the-reasearch-process