KERATOCONUS AND OTHER ECTASIAS

CLINICAL FEATURES

SYMPTOMS: Frequent change of glasses in young age due to change in Myopia and astigmatism.

Signs: 

1. munson's sign which is bulging of lower lid in down gaze

2. oil droplet sign on distant direct ophthalmoscopy

3. scissor reflex on retinoscopy

4. corneal thinning and Vogt's striae which are stress lines in deep stroma and abolish on pressure on eye ball through lids,on slit lamp examination

systemic associations

1. down syndrome

2. marphan syndrome

3. ehler danlos sydrome

4. osteogenesis imperfecta

ocular associations

1. blue sclera

2. vkc

3. Retinitis pigmentosa

4. aniridia

5. leber congenital amaurosis

6. eye rubbing from any cause

Investigations

1. keratometry

2. corneal topography

The treatment options are

1.  avoidance of rubbing

2. spectacle

3. rigid contact lenses

4. corneal cross linkage if keratoconus is progressive

5. intracorneal ring segment implantation

6. keratoplasty in refractory cases.