European Union 

European Climate Law (Regulation (EU) 2021/1119) 

This law helps Europe reduce pollution and become climate-neutral by 2050. 

Italy 

Italian Constitution – Article 9 (2022 revision) 

This article protects the environment, biodiversity, and future generations. 

Spain 

Spanish Constitution – Article 45 (1978) 

People have the right to a healthy environment and must help protect it. 

Türkiye

Constitution of Türkiye – Article 56 (1982) 

Everyone has the right to live in a healthy environment, and the State must protect nature. 

European Union 

Common Fisheries Policy

(Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013)

This policy promotes sustainable fishing and prevents overfishing in European seas.

Italy 

Legislative Decree No. 4/2012 on Fisheries and Aquaculture

This law supports sustainable fishing and protects marine resources.

Spain 

Law 5/2023 on Sustainable Fisheries and Fisheries Research

This law promotes responsible fishing and protects marine ecosystems.

Türkiye

Fisheries Law No. 1380 (1971, updated in 2020)

This law regulates fishing activities and protects fish populations and marine resources.

European Union 

EU Habitats Directive

(Directive 92/43/EEC, 1992)

This law protects habitats and wild animals. It helps conserve endangered species in Europe.

Italy 

Law No. 157/1992 on the Protection of Wildlife

This law protects wild animals and their habitats. It prohibits hunting of endangered species.

Spain 

Law 42/2007 on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity

This law protects biodiversity and endangered species. It promotes conservation of natural habitats.

Türkiye

Environmental Law No. 2872 (1983)

This law includes measures to protect wildlife, biodiversity, and natural ecosystems.

European Union 

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights – Article 24 (2000)

Children have the right to protection, education, and care. Their best interests must always come first.

Italy 

Italian Constitution – Articles 30, 31 and 34

These articles protect children's rights, support families, and guarantee access to education.

Spain 

Spanish Constitution – Article 39 (1978)

This article protects children and families and guarantees social, economic, and legal protection.

Türkiye

Constitution of Türkiye – Article 41

The State protects children and supports their development, education, and well-being.

European Union 

EU Gender Equality Strategy (2020–2025)

This strategy promotes equal opportunities and fights violence and discrimination against women.

Italy 

Italian Constitution – Article 37

Women have the same rights as men at work and must receive equal treatment and opportunities.

Spain 

Organic Law 1/2004 on Gender Violence

This law protects women from violence and promotes gender equality.

Türkiye

Constitution of Türkiye – Article 10

Women and men are equal before the law, and the State must promote gender equality.

European Union 

European Pillar of Social Rights (2017)

Everyone has the right to social protection, housing assistance, and support against poverty.

Italy 

Italian Constitution – Articles 2 and 3

Human dignity and equality are protected, and public institutions must help people facing social difficulties.

Spain 

Spanish Constitution – Article 47

Everyone has the right to decent and adequate housing.

Türkiye

Constitution of Türkiye – Article 57

The State supports housing policies and helps citizens obtain adequate living conditions.

European Union 

European Heritage Label (2011)

The European Union protects important cultural sites and promotes the preservation of Europe's shared heritage.

Directive 2014/60/EU

This law helps return cultural objects that have been illegally removed from a Member State.

Italy 

Italian Constitution – Article 9

The Republic protects culture, historical heritage, and the landscape.

Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code (Legislative Decree No. 42/2004)

This law protects monuments, archaeological sites, museums, and historic buildings.

Spain 

Spanish Constitution – Article 46

Public authorities must protect and preserve Spain's historical, cultural, and artistic heritage.

Law 16/1985 on Spanish Historical Heritage

This law protects monuments, archaeological sites, and cultural traditions.

Türkiye

Constitution of Türkiye – Article 63

The State protects historical, cultural, and natural assets and values.

Law No. 2863 on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets (1983)

This law protects archaeological sites, monuments, and traditional heritage.