The shape tools in Illustrator let you create basic shapes with precision and ease. What's more, most shapes crafted using these tools are live shapes, enabling you to adjust them dynamically without the need to switch to a different tool.


Once you are satisfied with your colors, create a rectangle at the top of the "Shapes with Pathfinder" area by clicking and dragging the cursor, then releasing the click when you are happy with the shape. Create another rectangle next to the first one, but this time hold Shift while you click and drag to create a perfect square. Holding Shift constrains the proportions of shapes and makes them even on all sides.


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It is also possible to edit the proportions of shapes by clicking and dragging on any of the square points on the shape's bounding box. When hovering just beside those same square points, you can rotate the shape, indicated by the bent appearance of the cursor.

Select the Polygon Tool from the left toolbar. You may need to right click on the Ellipse Tool to find it. If you would like, you can choose new colors before creating any shapes. This tool is unique from the previous shape tools because you can change the number of points on the polygon as you create it. To do this, click and drag the Polygon Tool underneath the ellipses, but before releasing your click, press up or down on the directional keys from your keyboard. Pressing up will add one more point to the polygon, for example, it will change a heptagon into an octagon, and pressing down will do the opposite. Release your click when you are satisfied with the number of points on your polygon.

There are two main methods used to combine shapes. First you will need to organize the shapes so that they are overlapping to some extent. With the Selection Tool (V) from the left toolbar, click and drag across the tops of the rectangles. Notice that the selected shapes are now marked with the highlighted bounding box. With the same tool, click on the rectangles and drag them so that they are partly underneath the ellipses.

To combine existing shapes, it is helpful to understand how objects are arranged on the artboard. Notice how the rectangles you created first appear to be underneath the ellipses, but the ellipses appear to be underneath the polygons. This is because the program, by default, arranges objects from back to front in their layers as they are created.

You can adjust the arrangement of your objects. Using the Selection Tool (V), click and hold above the rectangles, then drag your cursor across the tops of the rectangles to select them. Once selected, right click and go to Arrange. Click on Bring to Front so the rectangles will be brought to the front of the arrangement and appear on top of the ellipses and the other shapes.

The other possible arrangement options are Bring Forward, Send Backward, and Send Back. Bring Forward will bring the shapes one step closer to the front, Send Backward will send them one step closer to the back, and Send Back will send them all the way to the back of the arrangement.

Pathfinder is commonly used to combine and subtract shapes from each other. It also has the potential to do more specific tasks, such as dividing shapes, excluding shapes, intersecting shapes, and more with the use of predefined buttons.

If you hover over the buttons in the Pathfinder panel to the right, you can see each of their titles. These buttons include Unite, Minus Front, Intersect, Exclude, Divide, Trim, Merge, Crop, Outline, and Minus Back. Each of the buttons' functions rely on the arrangement of two or more objects because their results depend on which shapes are at the front or back and the amount of overlap between objects.

Using the Selection Tool (V), select all of the overlapping shapes by clicking and dragging across them. In the Pathfinder panel, click on Unite from the left of the top row. Notice that all of your objects were turned into a single shape and given the fill and stroke colors of the original rectangles that were at the front. Notice also that there are no longer any protruding line segments.

With the objects still selected, click on Exclude on the right of the top row in the Pathfinder panel. Notice that your objects are now the same color as the rectangles were beforehand, though every area where the shapes overlapped has been cut.

The tabbed box below presents how each Pathfinder button function would affect an arrangement of three overlapping circles and what the resulting shapes look like when they are taken apart. For a complete chart and bulleted list of button explanations, refer to this Pathfinder Supplement on the next page.

Click and drag one of the shapes away from the others. Notice that all of the other shapes will move around with it because they were automatically grouped together. Right click on any of the shapes, then click Ungroup. Deselect everything with Ctrl + Shift + A (Command + Shift + A on Mac). Now that they are no longer grouped together, it is possible to select and move the shapes individually. Objects can always be regrouped by selecting them, right-clicking, then pressing Group.

So you can understand how the Pathfinder panel can be used practically, make some space for a short exercise. Select your shapes with the Selection Tool (V) and drag them further up the artboard. If the shapes just take up too much space, you can simply select them and delete them by pressing Backspace on your keyboard.

Next, create a rectangle with the Rectangle Tool (M) that covers the bottom half of the united ellipses. Select both shapes, then press Minus Front from the Pathfinder panel. You can see that the resulting shape resembles a cloud.

The Shapebuilder Tool is similar to the Pathfinder in the sense that it can combine and subtract shapes. The Shapebuilder Tool is also able to create more complex shapes because combines shapes using manual inputs instead of using a predefined set of buttons like the Pathfinder.

Next, you will need to add some new shapes. In the Swatches panel, make sure you have a color selected for the stroke, but no color ("None" color swatch) for the fill. With the Ellipse Tool (L) from the left toolbar, make five circles of roughly the same size. Using the Selection Tool (V), place four of them in a two by two fashion, with two circles side by side and two more directly below them. Each of the four circles should be touching the edge of two other circles. Place the remaining circle directly in the middle of the other four.

Using the Rectangle Tool (M), make a thin, long rectangle, starting at the center of the circles and stretching down and away from the circles. Lastly, create three small ellipses with the Ellipse Tool (L), then position them with the Selection Tool (V) so they are located below the larger circles and barely overlapping with the sides of the rectangle. The shapes should now look similar to a flower with four petals, a stem, and three leaves.

Select all of the shapes with the Selection Tool (V), then take the Shapebuilder Tool (Shift + M) from the left toolbar. If you hover the cursor over the shapes, you will notice that the tool recognizes the paths, and highlights potential shapes. When using the tool, these highlighted areas are merged into new shapes.

In the center of the flower, click and drag the cursor across the shapes until the entire middle circle is highlighted, then release the click. Doing this will combine all of the highlighted shapes into a single, new shape. If there are still points on the inside of the middle circle, you may need to zoom in to combine their shape with the circle. Remember that if you mess up, you can just Undo your last actions.

You may have noticed that the cursor has a small plus sign (+) next to it when you use the Shapebuilder Tool. The plus sign indicates that the tool is set to combine shapes together. When it is set to subtract shapes, you will see that the cursor has a small minus sign (-) next to it. To subtract shapes with the Shapebuilder Tool, you can hold Alt (Option on Mac) on your keyboard while clicking on single shapes or clicking and dragging across multiple shapes. Test this feature by holding Alt (Option on Mac) and clicking on one of the flower's leaves. The part of the ellipse that was overlapping with the rectangle should remain.

For any parts of the flower's stem that overlaps with the flower petals, use the Shapebuilder Tool to merge the stem with the petals. Lastly, combine the two leaves and the remainder of the third leaf with the stem. You may find it easier to zoom in to combine certain shapes together. The final product should be a flower with four petals, a stem, and two leaves, though yours may look slightly different.

If you would like to see more tips for creating and combing shapes, watch the video tutorials listed below to learn more. These resources will also be listed at the end of the tutorial so there is no need to watch them immediately. You can move on to the next page, Pathfinder Supplement, when you are ready.

Yes. I spent an entire day trying to make switching shapes work in AI. Then I found on the forum that it is a known problem. @mekkablue Might be a good idea to put a notification in the tutorial about the bug, until they resolve it.

The rounding of the corners isnt the issue, the issue is the two shapes not merging when I tell them to. But to answer your questions: I'm using Illustrator CC 2019 and for the "Round Corners" effect I went to Effect > Stylize > Round Corners. Thank you e24fc04721

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