Download __HOT__ English To Igbo Dictionary

The role of a dictionary as an instrument of language standardization, documentation and pedagogy is indisputable. A survey of extant Igbo dictionaries reveals the absence of a standard Igbo dictionary, even though excellent grammars exist in the variety.A number of significant issues has made the production of a standard dictionary unrealized till date in Igbo studies even in the face of the huge benefits of computational lexicography. The Igbo lexicographer is faced with the challenges of deciding what to include as a standard lexical item and how to represent it in the dictionary.The paper investigates the linguistic factors, as well as the lexicographic principles responsible for the absence of a standard form for headwords, and the factors that impede the number, type and quality of lexicographic works in Igbo. Data for analysis were sourced from extant Igbo dictionaries of both colonial-missionary lexicographers and native speaker compilers. A close examination of the dictionaries establishes that the major challenges faced by Igbo lexicographers and which have hindered the production of a dictionary in the standard variety include: the use of competing and varying orthographies occasioned by the inaccuracy and lack of acceptance of the Onwu orthography; multiplicity of dialects, the complex morpho-semantics and verbal structures of the language,as well as the choice and arrangement of citation forms of lexical items. The paper concludes that without the collaboration of linguists, lexicographers,the Igbo standardization committee or agency, and other stakeholders, as well as an authority to impose the standard variety, the production of a standard dictionary will remain a mirage in Igbo linguistics.

The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 35 different Igboid languages. The core Igbo cluster or Igbo proper is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Orlu (Isu dialects), Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties.

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It is the norm in lexicography to have dictionary headwords in the standard variety of the language. But up to date, no Igbo dictionary exists in this variety. Most Igbo lexicographers have adopted the dialectal or multidialectal approach in their choice of a citation-form. The multiplicity of Igbo dialects accounts for this situation. This paper examines both sound and lexical variations in the language; describes the lexicographic problems of choice and arrangement of headwords, and discusses the suitability of the Igbo dictionary as a tool for standardizing the language. Two major sources of data were employed: the modified Ibadan 400 wordlist of basic items - used for a survey of the seven dialect zones identified by Manfredi (1989), and the dictionaries of Welmers and Welmers (1968), Williamson (1972), Igwe (1999) and Echeruo (2001). The paper demonstrated that sound and lexical variants in Igbo can be harnessed by Igbo lexicographers to produce an Igbo dictionary in the standard variety. Considering the optimal benefits derivable from a standard dictionary, the following suggestions for future Igbo lexicographers are proffered: words from different dialects of the language should be included in the dictionary; the standard forms be selected and consistently entered as headwords. Words with sound variation should be treated as sub-entries and lexical variants be cited as main-entries in their right alphabetical positions. The paper argued that, for the Igbo dictionary to fulfil its indispensable role as a language standardizing tool, the production of a Standard Igbo dictionary is imperative in Igbo lexicography and Igbo language studies. 2351a5e196