Johannes Kepler said: “Nature uses as little as possible of anything.” Mathematician Pierre Maupertuis said: “Nature always operates with the greatest possible economy.” Mathematician Leonhard Euler said: “…because the shape of the whole universe is most perfect and, in fact, designed by the wisest creator, nothing in all the world will occur in which no maximum or minimum rule is somehow shining forth.” Biomimetic Engineers at the Centre for Biomimetics, University of Reading state: “Nature works for maximum achievement at minimum effort.”