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must have reason to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect. Reporter must notify the local department or law enforcement agency. If the reporter is only a staff member in a hospital, public health agency, childcare institution, juvenile detention center, school, or similar institution, then they must report to the head of the institution or the designee of the head. The report shall be made orally by phone or direct communication as soon as possible and follow up with a written report no later than 48 hours after the contact with the abused/neglected child. Massachusetts MASS. GEN. LAWS ch. 119, §§ 21 (2013), 51A (2008) Sex and/or Labor Definition: Reporters must report victims of human trafficking, meaning anyone subjected to the following illegal trafficking conduct by a person or business entity who knowingly: (a) (i) subjects, or attempts to subject, another person to forced services, or recruits, entices, harbors, transports, provides or obtains by any means, or attempts to recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide or obtain by any means, another person, intending or knowing that such person will be subjected to forced services; or (ii) benefits, financially or by receiving anything of value, as a result of a violation of clause (a) (i); (b) (i) subjects, or attempts to subject, or recruits, entices, harbors, transports, provides or obtains by any means, or attempts to recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide or obtain by any means, another person to engage in commercial sexual activity, a sexually-explicit performance or the production of unlawful pornography in violation of chapter 272, or causes a person to engage in commercial sexual activity, a sexually-explicit performance or the production of unlawful pornography in violation of said chapter 272; or (ii) benefits, financially or by receiving anything of value, as a result of a violation of clause (b)(i). MASS. GEN. LAWS ch. 265, §§ 50(a) and 51(a) Names and addresses of child and child’s parents or caretakers; Child’s age and sex; Nature and extent of child’s injuries, including evidence of any previous injuries; Circumstances under which the person required to report first became aware of the child’s injuries; Whatever action was taken to treat, shelter or assist the child; Name of the person making the report; The identity of the person or persons responsible for the neglect or injuries; Photographs of the child’s injuries can be taken as evidence without permission of child’s parent or guardian, and such will be sent to the department with the report. If hospital personnel collect physical evidence of abuse or neglect of the child, the local district attorney, local law-enforcement authorities, and the department shall be immediately notified. Reporter must have reasonable cause to believe that a child is suffering physical or emotional injury resulting from being a sexually exploited child or being a human-trafficking victim (among other abuses and neglect). Reporter must file written report with the Department of Children and Families within 48 hours. Reporter may also notify the person or designated agent in charge of such institution and have them report instead. Reporter may contact local law-enforcement authorities or the child advocate about the suspected abuse or neglect. Within 30 days of receiving a report from a mandated reporter, the department shall notify the mandated reporter, in writing, of its determination of the nature, extent, and cause or causes of the injuries to the child and the services that the department intends to provide to the child or the child’s family. (Continued ) 122 H. G. ATKINSON ET AL. Table 3. (Continued). State Statutes Trafficking Type What to Report To Whom and How to Report North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 7B101 (2013), 7B-301 (2013) Sex and/or Labor Definition: Reporters must report victims of human trafficking, meaning anyone subjected to a person who knowingly or in reckless disregard of the consequences of the action recruits, entices, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains by any means another person with the intent that the other person be held in involuntary servitude or sexual servitude or willfully or in reckless disregard of the consequences of the action causes a minor to be held in involuntary servitude or sexual servitude. N.C. Gen. Stat. §§§ 14–43.11(a),