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of the collection of epidemiological data using a unified methodology. n There is a great need to develop guidelines regarding the diagnosis of psoriasis and its treatment. Furthermore, certain standards relating to medical care such as adequate assessment of progress of therapy, using uniform tools to assess the severity of the disease and patient QoL should be implemented. Doctors should establish objectives of care and plan therapy in collaboration with their patients. Actions for patients’ organizations and civil society n Patients’ organizations must continue advocating for the rights of individuals suffering from psoriasis. They should be involved in raising awareness of psoriasis among the population in collaboration with governments and policy-makers. n Patients’ organizations have a key role in providing support to people suffering from psoriasis and in creating networks to foster mutual support and exchange of experiences. n Patients’ organizations have a responsibility to encourage the formation of patients’ associations where currently none exists. n Patients’ organizations and civil society have a key role in holding governments and policy-makers to account on global commitments, and in fighting discrimination of people with psoriasis. Priority areas for research n There are many unmet needs for psoriasis, including epidemiology, etiology, treatment and ways to improve health care. Researchers should investigate the etiology of psoriasis and therapies to prevent as well as to manage the symptoms of the disease. It is vital to create low-cost effective treatment options that can be made widely available. n Research on new treatments should focus on options which can be applicable globally, on a large scale. New treatments need to be affordable, effective and safe in the long term, stable in hot and humid climates and require minimal monitoring. n Prospective, controlled studies are needed to further clarify the association between psoriasis and cardiovascular disorders on a pathogenic level and to substantiate the beneficial effect of treatment for skin/joints and associated disorders. Global report on psoriasis 35 n In clinical research, there is a need for comparative effectiveness research in order to identify the benefits and efficiency of treatments. n For research outcomes that are more reliable, the currently used clinical outcome parameters, including PASI and patient-reported outcomes such as DLQI, need to be improved. n Health services research needs to be better used in identifying specific needs of health care, unmet patient needs and barriers of guideline-compliant treatment. Health services research should monitor and provide feedback on the actions taken to improve quality of care and investigate efficiency of care. Psoriasis care could thus become a model for the management of other chronic (skin) diseases. n A key area of health-care research is the epidemiology of psoriasis and its incidence and prevalence on the global level. Research methods need to be harmonized and reflect cultural as well as geographical differences. Global report on psoriasis 36 References 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Results by Cause 1990–2010. Seattle: IHME; 2012. 2. Gibbs S. Skin disease and socioeconomic conditions in rural Africa: Tanzania. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35(9):633–9. 3. Danielsen K, Olsen AO, Wilsgaard T, Furberg AS. Is the prevalence of psoriasis increasing? A 30–year follow-up of a population–based cohort. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:1303–10. 4. Harden JL, Krueger JG, Bowcock AM. The immunogenetics of psoriasis: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2015;64:66–73. 5. Boehncke W-H, Schön MP. Psoriasis. Lancet. 2015;386(9997):983–94. 6. Bedi TR. Clinical profile of psoriasis in North India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 1995;61(4):202–5. 7. Pariser D, Schenkel B, Carter C, Farahi K, Brown TM, Ellis CN, and Psoriasis Patient Interview Study Group. A multicenter, non-interventional study to evaluate patient-reported experiences of living with psoriasis. J Dermatol Treat. 2015;1–8. 8. Alshami MA. Clinical profile of psoriasis in Yemen, a 4-year retrospective study of 241 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.
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