Project 3B Literary Translation
English to Spanish
English to Spanish
We Were Liars by E. Lockhart is a haunting psychological novel centered around Cadence Sinclair Eastman, a teenage girl born into a wealthy and privileged family. Every summer, Cadence and her extended family gather on a private island, where she forms a tight bond with her cousins Johnny and Mirren, and Gat, a friend of the family. Together they are “The Liars,” sharing secrets, laughter, and rebellious dreams. But one summer, something terrible happens, and when Cadence returns the following year with memory loss and unexplained trauma, she must piece together what was lost and confront a truth more devastating than she imagined.
I chose this book because it was described as deeply emotional, and I was looking for something that would challenge the way I saw storytelling, and it did. This is the book that broke me in all the right places. The pain, guilt, and grief carried by the protagonist are not just told, they are felt. And when the truth is finally revealed, it’s not just a twist; it’s a gut punch. It changed how I viewed family, loyalty, and the consequences of silence.
The writing style is what makes this novel unforgettable. E. Lockhart’s prose is poetic, fragmented, and sometimes reads like a heartbeat, short, rhythmic, and full of hidden meaning. There are metaphors that blur into reality, unreliable narration, and chapters that leave you breathless in their simplicity and weight. The style reflects Cadence’s damaged state of mind, making the reader experience her confusion and longing. It’s not a book you simply read, it’s one you survive, and once you reach the final page, it stays with you.
ONCE UPON A time there was a king who had three beautiful daughters.
These daughters grew to be women, and the women had children,
beautiful children,
so many, many children,
only something bad happened,
something stupid,
criminal,
terrible,
something avoidable,
something that never should have happened,
and yet something that could, eventually, be forgiven.
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The children died in a fire—all except one.
Only one was left, and she—
No, that’s not right.
The children died in a fire, all except three girls and two boys.
There were three girls and two boys left.
Cadence, Liberty, Bonnie, Taft, and Will.
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And the three princesses, the mothers, they crumbled in rage and despair. They drank and shopped, starved and scrubbed and obsessed. They clung to one another in grief, forgave each other, and wept. The fathers raged, too, though they were far away; and the king, he descended into a delicate madness from which his old self only sometimes emerged.
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The children, they were crazy and sad. They were racked with guilt for being alive, racked with pain in their heads and fear of ghosts, racked with nightmares and strange compulsions, punishments for being alive when the others were dead.
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The princesses, the fathers, the king, and the children, they crumbled like eggshells, powdery and beautiful—for they were always beautiful. It seemed
as if
as if
this tragedy marked the end of the family.
And perhaps it did.
But perhaps it did not.
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They made a beautiful family. Still.
And they knew it. In fact, the mark of tragedy became, with time, a mark of glamour.
A mark of mystery,
and a source of fascination for those who viewed the family from afar.
Había una vez un rey que tenía tres hijas hermosas.
Estas hijas crecieron y se convirtieron en mujeres, y las mujeres tuvieron hijos,
hijos hermosos,
tantísimos hijos,
pero ocurrió algo malo,
algo absurdo,
delictivo,
terrible,
algo que se pudo evitar,
algo que jamás debió suceder,
y aun así, algo que, con el tiempo, podría ser perdonado.
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Los niños murieron en un incendio—todos excepto uno.
Solo una quedó, y ella—
No, eso es incorrecto.
Los niños murieron en un incendio, todos excepto tres niñas y dos niños.
Quedaron tres niñas y dos niños.
Cadence, Liberty, Bonnie, Taft y Will.
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Y las tres princesas, las madres, se derrumbaron entre la rabia y la desesperación.
Bebieron y compraron, se mataron de hambre y restregaron y se obsesionaron.
Se aferraron unas a otras en su duelo, se perdonaron, y lloraron.
Los padres también estallaron de ira, aunque estaban lejos;
y el rey descendió hacia una delicada locura
de la cual su antiguo yo solo emergía a veces.
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Los niños, estaban locos y tristes.
Llenos de culpa por estar vivos,
llenos de dolor en la cabeza y de miedo a los fantasmas,
llenos de pesadillas y compulsiones extrañas,
castigos por haber sobrevivido mientras los otros murieron.
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Las princesas, los padres, el rey y los niños, se desmoronaron como cáscaras de huevo, frágiles y hermosos—pues siempre fueron hermosos. Parecía
como si
como si
esa tragedia marcara el fin de la familia.
Y quizás así fue.
Pero quizás no.
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Aun así, hicieron una familia hermosa.
Y lo sabían. De hecho, con el tiempo,
la marca de la tragedia se volvió una marca de glamour.
Una marca de misterio,
y una fuente de fascinación para quienes veían a la familia desde lejos.
Explicitation: The Spanish translation clarifies the text by separating "growing up" and "becoming women" into two distinct stages, whereas the original English treats them as a single, continuous process.
Modulation: In the phrase “only something bad happened” → “pero ocurrió algo malo,” the meaning shifts slightly. The word “only” in English suggests limitation, while “pero” (but) in Spanish shows a clear contrast and has a greater effect when explaining a turn of events.
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Modulation: This shift in perspective from "there were" (existing) to "quedaron" (remaining) changes the cognitive viewpoint while keeping the meaning.
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Modulation: there is a tiny modulation here by having the change of a preposition to better fit the target language’s natural phrasing and conceptualization.
Modulation: The English “raged” (verb) is modulated into the Spanish phrase “estallaron de ira” (“burst out in anger”).
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Modulation: The English verb phrase “racked with” (meaning overwhelmed or tortured by) is changed into the adjective phrase “llenos de” (literally, “full of”). This changes the grammatical category from verb + preposition to adjective + preposition, a clear modulation adapting the expression naturally into Spanish.
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Modulation: By choosing "frágiles" as the translation, the text is changing the perspective of the description, shifting from texture to vulnerability, and conveying the message clearly in the target language.
Reduction: The sentence omits the subject and auxiliary verb from the original, as Spanish can express the same idea with less wording due to its context-driven nature.
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Transposition due to the change in grammatical structure and the order of the elements.
Borrowing: The English word is transferred directly into the Spanish sentence, which is common with terms that carry stylistic or trendy connotations.