This project present the first part of the work of a cognitive model construction. This is based strongly on basic New Kind of sciences postulates.
INTRODUCTION
A cognitive model is an approach to animal cognitive processes (predominantly human) for the purposes of comprehension and prediction. Cognitive models can be developed within or without a cognitive architecture, though the two are not always easily distinguishable.
In contrast to cognitive architectures, cognitive models tend to be focused on a single cognitive phenomenon or process (e.g., list learning), how two or more processes interact (e.g., visual search and decision making), or to make behavioral predictions for a specific task or tool (e.g., how instituting a new software package will affect productivity). Cognitive architectures tend to be focused on the structural properties of the modeled system, and help constrain the development of cognitive models within the architecture. Likewise, model development helps to inform limitations and shortcomings of the architecture. Some of the most popular architectures for cognitive modeling include ACT-R and Soar.
The basic ideas
This work is based on the next ideas
1. Simple programs are capable to show very complex behavior (Wolfram, NKS)
2. "The principle of Computational Equivalence introduces a new law of nature to the effect that no system can ever carry out explicit computations that are more sophisticated than those carried out by systes like cellular automatas and Turing Machines" (Wlfram. NKS)
3. "For when we are presented with a complex image, our eyes tend to dwell on it, presumably in an effort to give our brain a chance to extract a simple description" (Wolfram, NKS).
SOME IDEAS
-Creative process like a process divided in 2 (ideas production and produced ideas evaluation) is a kind of process that is made with inttention, this means, activated with the personal willing. It is a process with almost a defined direction and counciously directed. This last means that the evaluation of the ideas (reflection state) it is executed to prove to be coherent.
- In opposite way, dreams are crazy mixed ideas the most part of the time. Everything could happen, then the question here could be: Why, if it is not logical, and without countrol ideas, without reflection of it, why it could seem like very creative?
- In the mind, there is a very high abstraction level of concepts and characteristics of the things. This cold be considerated like the "understanding" of the stuff.
- There must be a standard codification of the understanding that allows mixture of concepts.
- The information storing must be done in a way that the process to bring it up be easy and fast. This means that, we have general concepts or omages about the reality. The detailed information is stored in different way using an stardard codification where it is related in such a way that is connected by means a very complex net of information.
- The informration storing is made signing a special place deppending on the infomration characteristics, like in a dictionary. The difference is that the storing criterion is not the alphabet, but the most relevant info caracteristics.
- Considering the understanding like detailed level of the information and its clasification. Information could be divided in 3 different kind of information
1) Positive (implies any kind of benefic efect of something)
2) Negative (implies any kind of harmful efect of soemthing)
3) Dependient (depending on the circumstances, the same thing could be positive or negative)
THE UNDERSTANDING
To understand means to find the correc tplace or to make the correct clasification to something like concepts or any idea or infomration.
This last idea about the understanding is based on the premise that the information always is suceptible to be evaluated and separate of it important features of it deppending on the pourpose of the analysis of the information.
Here is an extremily simple example of the understanding:
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Dangerous things (Hurts)
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hurts but
doesn't kill
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hurts and in certain conditions
it could kill
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definitelly kills
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In the last example is shown that the information has several levels of abstraction, the forst level is the most general (dangerous means any kind of hurt) and the same concept has several levels (hurts, could kill depending on the circumstances, and definitelly kill). When a new concept is learned, this mean that the abstraction of this new information is stored in the appropiate section or lever of understanding. For example: kick should be in stored in the first lever of dangerous, where it could just hurts. At the same time, depending on the circumstances, kicking could be mortal. This last could make us to think then that the same concept (to kick) sould be stored in the section that could kill also, but no.
This approach of congnitive model is based on levels of abstraction. This last means that in this simple example should exist the level of clasification where the concept "hit" must to be stored and at the same time must be wired witht he concept "kick".
In other hand must be exist information stored about key and important body areas, then, the mixture between this last infomration and the "hit concept" helps to deduce what kind of hits are mortal.
The approach suggested to do this in a good way is shown in the next sections.
THE FRAMEWORK
Memory is divided in 2 principal sections:
1) working memory: where the creative materia is built. It is like the white canvas for the painter
2) Long term memory: Where all the information is hold.
The working memory is where the imagination works and put all the concepts togeter. Here is wehre we "see" (we build images) what are we creating.
STORING AND CODIFICATION
The storing and coding are interdependent processes. This last means that to store or to classify a new information it is vital to respect the logic storing because this deppends absolutelly on the coding.
This processes are similar than those which are used to construct a dictionary.
The principal factor is that the storing depens on common and principal freatures of the information, same that at the same time depends on the levels of obstraction. For instance, the animal section (where all the animals will be stred and clasified) could be divided on diferente levels depending on the particular characteristics of the animals.
At the same time, the codification is such a way that, respecting the fact the the neurons comunication it is by means negative and positive electric signals, this could be designed using the binay code. which make it easy to use the computer architecture to its implementation. In this way then, for instance, we could assign the code "01" for animals and so on.
Following this last idea, any concept has its own code.
A representation of a codification could be the next:
This last codification is very simple and deppendient on the features and specific details of the information. At the same time make easy and fast the search of the infomration. Then if it is "necesary" to think on an animal, the process have to start to look on the section identified by the code "01" and it is not necessary to explore all the storing table to find an animal. It is like in a dictionary where to look for the definition of Animal word where you will find specific information you have to open the book in the "A" section. In the same way if you want to know about the "zinc" word is not necessary you will open the "A" section because you know that you have to start in the "Z" section.
DETAILS ABOUT THE INFORMATION
As is possible to notice in the las seccion, the same clasification contains some infomration about the concept itself. But in this model this information is actually a link to other tables of information. For example in the table of clasification of animals, any code, like, for example 00100 for number of feet in an animal it is the code of other section where it contains coded and detailed information that could be other liks or final information (last level of abstraction).
this coding and clasification if the information respect strongly the concept od reductibility where the last or highest level ling is one where it is not possible to be reducted.