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Comparative Oral+ENT Biology
Preface
Contents
Contents - Expanded
01. Introduction to the Mouth+ENT
01.1. The Cavities of the Head
01.2. Denifition and Origin of the Mouth
01.3. Professional Fields
02. Development
2.1. The Origin of the Body Tissues
2.2. Formation of the Face
03. Body Tissues
3.1. Tissue Types
3.2. Epithelial Tissue
3.3. Connective Tissue
3.4. Muscle Tissue
3.5. Nervous Tissue
04. Skull Evolution
4.1. Chordates
4.2. Vertebrates
4.3. Tetrapods
05. The Human Skull
5.1. Overview of the Human Skull
5.2. Cranial Bones
5.3. Facial Bones
5.4. Accessory Bones of the Skull
06. Ingestion
6.1. Adaptations for Ingestion
6.2. Muscles that Move the Lips, Nose and Ears
07. The Mouth
7.1. Lips
7.2. The Oral Cavity
7.3. Clinical Issues of the Mouth
08. Biting
8.1. Jaw Diversity
8.2. Joint Types of the Head
8.3. The Temporomandibular Joint
8.4. Muscles of Mastication
8.5. Disorders of the TMJ
09. Mouth Opening
9.1. Diversity of Jaw Movements
9.2. The Anterior Muscles of the Human Neck
10. Tooth Evolution
10.1. The origin of Dental Tissue
10.2. Homodont Animals
10.3. Heterodont Animals
11. The Human Teeth
11.1. Internal Structure
11.2. Dental Notation
11.3. External Anatomy
11.4. Tooth Types
12. Dental Development
12.1. Tooth Formation
12.2. Variation in Dental Development
13. The Gingiva
13.1. The Anatomy of the Gum
13.2. Periodontal Disease
14. Tooth Decay
14.1. Dental Plaque
14.2. Caries
14.3. Root Canal Therapy
14.4. Dental Restoration
15. The Dentition
15.1. Supporting Structure
15.2. Organization of the Teeth
15.3. Tooth Replacement
16. Dental Alignment
16.1. Dental Occlusion
16.2. Orthodontic Treatment
17. The Tongue and Gustation
17.1. Origin and Diversity
17.2. The Human Tongue
18. Salivation
19. Swallowing
19.1. Mechanisms of Deglutition
19.2. Disphagia and choking
20. The Tonsils
21. Breathing and Olfaction
21.1. Upper Respiratory System
21.2. Olfaction
22. Voice
22.1. Introduction to Sound
22.2. Vocal Systems
23. Speech
23.1. Human Communication
23.2. Vowels
23.3. Consonants
24. Hearing and Balance
24.1. Hair cells and their sensory organs
24.2. Auditory sensitivity
Comparative Oral+ENT Biology
21. Breathing and Olfaction
Contents
2
1.1.
Upper Respiratory System
21.2.
Olfaction
Contents
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