Peer-Reviewed Journal Papers

*Corresponding authorship

#Co-first authorship

†Student that I (co-)advised

2025

55. Ragnhild Maarleveld, H.E.J. Veeger, F.C.T. van der Helm, Jongsang Son, Richard L. Lieber, Eline van der Kruk, “What the PCSA? Addressing diversity in lower-limb musculoskeletal models: age- and sex-related differences in PCSA and muscle mass,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 193, 112976, 2025.

54. Wonbum Sohn, Hongchul Sohn*, Jongsang Son*, “Insights into motor impairment assessment using myographic signals with artificial intelligence: A scoping review,” Biomedical Engineering Letters, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 693–716, 2025.

53. Nayoung Jeong, Doyeol Kim, Seonhong Hwang*, and Jongsang Son*, “Effect of Tibialis Anterior Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation-Induced Eccentric Contraction Training on Single-Leg Standing: A Pilot Study,” Sensors, Vol. 25, No. 8, 2455, 2025.

52. Seokbeom Roh, Da Yeon Cheong, Sangwoo Lee, Jongsang Son, Insu Park, and Gyudo Lee, “Controlled Ligation and Elongation of Uniformly Truncated Amyloid Nanofibrils,” Nanoscale, Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 6993–7001, 2025.

2024

51. Jongsang Son*, Fandi Shi†, and William Z. Rymer, “BiLSTM-based joint torque prediction from mechanomyogram during isometric contractions: A proof of concept study,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 1926–1933, 2024.

50. Jongsang Son, Samuel R. Ward, and Richard L. Lieber, “Scaling Relationships Between Human Leg Muscle Architectural Properties and Body Size,” Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 227, No. 6, jeb246567, 2024.

2023

49. Ruchi Shah†, Marina W. Samuel†, and Jongsang Son*, “Acute and chronic effects of static stretching on neuromuscular properties: A meta-analytical review,” Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 21, 11979, 2023.

48. Fandi Shi†, William Z. Rymer, and Jongsang Son*, “Ankle joint angle influences relative torque fluctuation during isometric plantar flexion,” Bioengineering, Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 373, 2023.

2022

47. Jongsang Son* and William Z. Rymer, “Contribution of stroke-related changes in neuromuscular factors to gear ratio during isometric contraction of medial gastrocnemius muscle: A simulation study,” Clin. Biomech., Vol. 99, 105744, 2022.

46. Jongsang Son* and William Z. Rymer, “Relative contribution of altered neuromuscular factors to muscle activation-force relationships following chronic stroke: A simulation study,” J. Electromyogr. Kines., Vol. 66, 102680, 2022.

45. Jongsang Son, Jan Fridén, and Richard L. Lieber, “Biomechanical modeling of brachialis muscle transfer function for activities of daily living in patients with tetraplegia,” JBJS Open Access, Vol. 7, No. 3, e22.00018, 2022.

2021

44. Fandi Shi†, William Z. Rymer, and Jongsang Son*, “Mechanomyogram amplitude vs. isometric ankle plantarflexion torque of human medial gastrocnemius muscle at different ankle joint angles,” J. Electromyogr. Kines., Vol. 61, 102609, 2021.

43. Jan Fridén, Jongsang Son, Sabrina Koch-Borner, and Richard L. Lieber, “Outcome from a brachialis donor for wrist extension in tetraplegia—Time to reconsider the international classification for surgery of the hand in tetraplegia (ICSHT),” Spinal Cord Ser. Cases, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 73, 2021.

42. Jongsang Son* and William Z. Rymer, “Longer electromechanical delay in paretic triceps surae muscles during voluntary isometric plantarflexion torque generation in chronic hemispheric stroke survivors,” J. Electromyogr. Kines., Vol. 56, 102475, 2021.

2020

41. Jongsang Son* and William Z. Rymer, “Loss of variable fascicle gearing during voluntary isometric contractions of paretic medial gastrocnemius muscles in male chronic stroke survivors,” J. Physiol., Vol. 598, No. 22, pp. 5183–5194, 2020.

40. Woong Kim, Wonseok Lee, Hyunsung Choi, Gyudo Lee, Jongsang Son, Sang Won Lee, Joohyung Park, Woochang Kim, Minwoo Kim, Dae Sung Yoon, Doyeon Bang, Sungsoo Na, and Jinsung Park, “Bioinspired micro glue threads fabricated by liquid bridge-to-solidification as an effective sensing platform,” ACS Sens., Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 1977–1986, 2020.

39. Jongsang Son*, William Z. Rymer, and Sabrina S. M. Lee, “Limited fascicle shortening and fascicle rotation may be associated with impaired voluntary force-generating capacity in pennate muscles of chronic stroke survivors,” Clin. Biomech., Vol. 75, 105007, 2020.

38. Jongsang Son* and William Z. Rymer, “Effects of changes in ankle angle on the relation between plantarflexion torque and EMG magnitude in major plantar flexors of chronic stroke survivors,” Front. Neurol., Vol. 11, No. 224, 2020.

2019

37. Hoejeong Chung, Doosup Kim, Scott A. Banks, Jongsang Son, Youngho Kim, Myounggi On, and Junseop Yeom, “Evaluation of three-dimensional in vivo scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm between shoulders with a clavicle hook plate and contralateral healthy shoulders,” Int. Orthop., Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 379–386, 2019.

36. Jongsang Son*, Xiaogang Hu, Nina L. Suresh, and William Z. Rymer, “Prolonged time course of population excitatory postsynaptic potentials in motoneurons of chronic stroke survivors,” J. Neurophysiol., Vol. 122, No. 1, pp. 176–183, 2019.

2018

35. Wonseok Lee#, Jongsang Son#, Seonghyun Kim#, Dongmin Yang, Seungyeop Choi, Sang Woo Lee, Gyudo Lee, and Dae Sung Yoon, “Adhesive leaf created by a corona discharge,” Sci. Rep., Vol., 8, No. 1, p. 1737, 2018.

34. Myung Jun Lee, Tae-Hyung Kim, Chi-Woong Mun, Hae Kyung Shin, Jongsang Son, and Jae-Hyeok Lee, “Spatial correlation and segregation of multimodal MRI abnormalities in multiple system atrophy,” J. Neurol., Vol., 265, No. 7, pp. 1540–1547, 2018.

33. KyoungJune Pak, Hae Kyung Shin, Eun-Joo Kim, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Jongsang Son, and Myung Jun Lee, “Weight loss is associated with rapid striatal dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease,” Parkinsonism Relat. Disord., Vol., 51, No. 2018, pp. 67–72, 2018.

32. Jeseong Ryu, Jongsang Son, Sungjoong Kim, Jongman Kim, Soonjae Ahn, and Youngho Kim, “Determination of optimal riding positions using muscle co-contraction on upper extremity during manual standing wheelchair propulsion,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol., 19, No. 4, pp. 577–586, 2018.

31. Jongsang Son, Andy Indresano, Kristin Sheppard, Samuel R. Ward, and Richard L. Lieber, “Intraoperative and biomechanical studies of human vastus lateralis and vastus medialis sarcomere length operating range,” J. Biomech., Vol. 67, No. 23, pp. 91–97, 2018.

2017

30. Li-Qun Zhang, Jongsang Son, Hyung Soon Park, Sang Hoon Kang, Yunju Lee, and Yupeng Ren, “Changes of shoulder, elbow, and wrist stiffness matrix post stroke,” IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng., Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 844–851, 2017.

29. Jeseong Ryu, Jongsang Son, Min Jo, Eunkyoung Choi, Soonjae Ahn, Sinki Kim, and Youngho Kim, “Optimal seat and footrest positions of manual standing wheelchair,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 879–885, 2017.

28. Yunju Lee, Kai Chen, Yupeng Ren, Jongsang Son, Bruce A. Cohen, James A. Sliwa, and Li-Qun Zhang, “Robot-guided ankle sensorimotor rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis,” Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord., Vol. 11, pp. 65–70, 2017.

2016

27. Myung Jun Lee, Jongsang Son, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Sang-Jin Kim, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, and Myung-Sik Lee, “Impact of prolonged temporal discrimination threshold on finger movements of Parkinson's disease,” PLoS ONE., Vol. 11, No. 11, pp. e0167034, 2016.

26. Isu Shin, Soonjae Ahn, Eunkyoung Choi, Jeseong Ryu, Sunwoo Park, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Fatigue analysis of the quadriceps femoris muscle based on mechanomyography,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 473–478, 2016.

25. DooSup Kim, HoeJeong Chung, Chang-Ho Yi, Yeo-Seung Yoon, Jongsang Son, Youngho Kim, Myoung-Gi On, and JaeHyung Yang, “Effect of glenohumeral position on contact pressure between the capsulolabral complex and the glenoid in free ALPSA and Bankart lesions,” Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc., Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 350–356, 2016.

24. Jongsang Son, Jeseong Ryu, Soonjae Ahn, Eun Joo Kim, Jung Ah Lee, and Youngho Kim, “Effects of 4-week intensive active-resistive training with an EMG-based exoskeleton robot on muscle strength in older people: A pilot study,” Biomed Res. Int., Vol. 2016, No. 2016, 1256958, 2016.

2015

23. Jongsang Son and Youngho Kim, “A comparison of four different muscle pennation models and their effects on predictions in peak fiber force and operating range of fiber length,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1179–1185, 2015.

22. Myeonggu Son, Gyudo Lee, Jongsang Son, Seungyeop Choi, Youngho Kim, Sei-Young Lee, Young-Ro Yoon, Dae Sung Yoon, and Sang Woo Lee, “Characterization of anomalous movements of spherical living cells on a silicon dioxide glassy substrate” Biomicrofluidics, Vol. 9, No. 1, 014102, 2015.

21. Isu Shin, Jongsang Son, Soonjae Ahn, Jeseong Ryu, Jongman Kim, Baekdong Cha, Eunkyoung Choi, and Youngho Kim, “A novel short-time Fourier transform-based fall detection algorithm using 3-axis accelerations,” Math. Probl. Eng., Vol. 501, 394340, 2015.

20. Jeseong Ryu, Jongsang Son, Soonjae Ahn, Isu Shin, and Youngho Kim, “Biomechanical analysis of the circular friction hand massage,” Technol. Health Care, Vol. 23, No. S2, pp. S529–S534, 2015.

2014

19. Jungyoon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Consistency of the optimized bandwidth in filter-based fatigue index,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 2473–2477, 2014.

18. Bora Jeong, Seunghyeon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “3D analysis of the metatarsophalangeal joint in normal group and hallux valgus patients during walking using a four-segment foot model,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 299–303, 2014.

17. Jungyoon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Bandwidth optimization for filter-based fatigue index in different inter-electrode distances,” Bio-Med. Mater. Eng., Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 3701–3708, 2014.

16. Jongsang Son, Jeseong Ryu, Jungyoon Kim, and Youngho Kim, “Determination of inertial parameters using a dynamometer,” Bio-Med. Mater. Eng., Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 2447–2455, 2014.

15. Jongsang Son, Dongyeop Lee, and Youngho Kim, “Effects of involuntary eccentric contraction training by neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the enhancement of muscle strength,” Clin. Biomech., Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 767–772, 2014.

2013

14. Minhyeon Lee, Jungyoon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Kinematic and kinetic analysis during forward and backward walking,” Gait Posture, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 674–678, 2013.

13. Seunghyeon Kim, Jongsang Son, Changho Yi, Doosup Kim, and Youngho Kim, “Pennation angles of ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexors depending on muscle contraction intensity,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 1–4, 2013.

12. Seonhong Hwang, Seunghyeon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Upper limb joint motion of two different user groups during manual wheelchair propulsion,” J. Korean Phys. Soc., Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 648–656, 2013.

2012

11. Seonhong Hwang, Seunghyeon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Manual wheelchair propulsion torque and power outputs in different skill groups,” J. Biomech. Sci. Eng., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 349–357, 2012.

10. Jongsang Son, A Ra Ko, Young Hee Lee, and Youngho Kim, “A computer-based finger-tapping system for evaluating movement of the affected hand following stroke: A pilot study,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 13, No. 11, pp. 2083–2086, 2012.

9. Sunwoo Park, Kihong Ryu, Jungyoon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Verification of accuracy and validity of gait phase detection system using motion sensors for applying walking assistive FES,” Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin., Vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 1129–1135, 2012.

8. In Soo Park, Kilho Eom, Jongsang Son, Woo-Jin Chang, Kidong Park, Taeyun Kwon, Dae Sung Yoon, Rashid Bashir, and Sang Woo Lee, “Microfluidic multifunctional probe array dielectrophoretic force spectroscopy with wide loading rates,” ACS Nano, Vol. 6, No. 10, pp. 8665–8673, 2012.

7. Jongsang Son, Sungjae Hwang, and Youngho Kim, “A hybrid static optimisation method to estimate muscle forces during muscle co-activation,” Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin., Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 249–254, 2012.

6. Seonhong Hwang, Seunghyeon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “Torque and power outputs on different subjects during manual wheelchair propulsion under different conditions,” J. Kor. Phys. Soc., Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 540–543, 2012.

5. Jongsang Son, Seunghyeon Kim, Soonjae Ahn, Jeseong Ryu, Seonhong Hwang, and Youngho Kim, “Determination of the dynamic knee joint range of motion during leg extension exercise using an EMG-driven model,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 117–123, 2012.

4. Youngho Kim, Seunghyeon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Bora Jung, “Kinetic role of the metatarsophalangeal joint in normal walking: Joint moment and power,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 1481–1485, 2012.

Before 2011 (During coursework)

3. Jongsang Son, Sungjae Hwang, and Youngho Kim, “An EMG-based muscle force monitoring system,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol., Vol. 24, No. 10, pp. 2099–2105, 2010.

2. Gyudo Lee, Huihun Jung, Jongsang Son, Kihwan Nam, Taeyun Kwon, Geunbae Lim, Young Ho Kim, Jongbum Seo, Sang Woo Lee, and Dae Sung Yoon, “Experimental and numerical study of electrochemical nanomachining using an AFM cantilever tip,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 21, No. 18, 185301, 2010.

1. Sungjae Hwang, Kisik Tae, Ryanghee Sohn, Jungyoon Kim, Jongsang Son, and Youngho Kim, “The balance recovery mechanisms against unexpected forward perturbation,” Ann. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1629–1637, 2009.