Ed Psych Fall 2020

Social-Cognitive Views of Learning

The idea of learning:

Defined as observable changes resulting from rewards or punishments directed at shaping a new behavior.
Social Cognitive learning views people who influence and are influenced by their own environment.

Albert Bandura

Social Cognitive Theory
Decisions are impacted through: Environmental, Personal, and Behavioral factors
Believed that what a person thinks about happenings in the environment needs to be considered as a factor when you experience learning
No individual develops in isolation

Bobo Doll Experiment

Bandura (1961)
Consisted of nursery children split into groups who watched adults kicking and punching a bobo doll
Children would eventually mimic those adults and their behavior by attacking the same doll in the same fashion (boys exhibited more aggressive behavior)
Shows how learning occurs through oberservation and interactions with other people
Experiement also shows through modeling, aggressive behavior is imitated

This video shows the experiment and how these children were exposed to aggressive behavior along with modeling it.

Bandura's Four Step Modeling Process

Reciprocal Determinism

How a person and their environment interact to influence each other and personal behavior.
Learning process is affected by the learner's personal traits
Illustrates how a learner's cognitive process creates a value for what is observed through the environment

This video shows how reciprocal determinism is used in the real world through the illustration and explanation of an individual using a social cognitive perspective.

Triarchic Reciprocal Causality

"An explanation of behavior that emphasizes the mutual effects of the individual and the environment on each other" (Woolfolk).
Social influences, achievement outcomes, and self-influences are constantly interacting. These all effect the person and there behavior.

Components of Social Cognitive Learning:

Agency

internal locus of control
idea of whether or not you are in control of your actions
external locus of control
idea that other people are more in control of the actions in a person's life

Example:

if you received a promotion at work and had an internal locus of control, you might celebrate that achievement as a result of your individual hard work.
if you received a promotion at work and had an external locus of control, you might attribute that success from outside factors such as: luck, family, or timing.

Self- efficacy

Belief in yourself of successfully performing certain behaviors or reaching certain goals
Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's motivation, behavior, and social environment
People will only be motivated if they think they have the ability to accomplish a task
May or may not impact your self-esteem based on what you believe/value
High self-efficacy comes from agency

Effects of self-efficacy

As a student:
Response to failure
Persistence at tasks
Self-confidence
As a teacher:
Motivation to teach
Success for students

Self-Regulation

Process of controlling and monitoring your own emotions, behavior, and patterns toward an objective.
3 influences: Self-control, Motivation, and Self-awareness
In the classroom:
Goal is to master/practice a certain task
Focus on positive reinforcement
Clear about rules/expectations

Lev Vygotsky

Knowledge is constructed through others
Used scaffolding, mediated learning, and collaborative learning to support learning in a social way
Learning comes from being shaped within a social culture
Felt that children should work together and share their different perspectives

Techniques to use in the classroom

Discussion boards
Modeling
Direct/self reinforcement
Team building challeneges
Gamification

Google Sites

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