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Field Observation Hydraulics
Field Observation Hydraulics
Site 1
Site 1
Convergent Flow
Convergent Flow
The two streams come together, resulting in an increase in the flow velocity where they merge.
Divergent Flow
Divergent Flow
One stream diverts from one main channel into multiple streams.
Above, there is an instruction that creates flow separation, thus resulting in two eddies. The uniform flow is a result of an area of the river having a constant flow velocity and depth.
Finding uniform flow was difficult, and I would categorize this river section as overall an unsteady non-uniform flow. This means the surface flow and the velocity both vary within this section of the river.
Surface Flow Types
Surface Flow Types
Free Fall Flow can be observed by the water that falls vertically while remaining unobstructed.
Smooth surface flow occurs due to the lack of roughness in this area.
Rippled flow can be observed by the turbulence in this area causing ripples.
Hydraulic Jump Video Annotated
Hydraulic Jump Video Annotated
Site 2
Site 2
To assess where my eddy and wake were in this photo, I threw a leaf on the river right and watched for where the velocity and direction of the river abruptly changed. These two areas have different flow velocities due to rock obstruction, which results in a shear zone.
My flow seam is the transition area between my two different converging flows of different velocities.
On river right the flow velocity was much stronger than the flow converging from river left causing an eddy to form.
Estimated Discharge
Estimated Discharge
Discharge was calculated by estimating the stream cross-section area and multiplying it by the velocity recorded from the leaf traveling 13.4'.
D= VA
A= (0.6'x2')+(0.3'x6.5')
A= 3.15ft/s^2
V=13.4ft / 11.77ft/s
V = 1.14ft/s
Q= 1.14ft/s x 3.15ft/s^2
Q= 3.6cf/s
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