(1) Laboratory Optics: A practical guide to working in an optics lab by Prof. Peter Beyersdorf. http://www.laboratoryoptics.com. This guide covers basic optical alignment, beam characterization, how to use photodiodes, oscilloscopes, balanced detection, lock-in amplifiers, and more. This guide does not have the training needed for working with ultrafast lasers. Please see the second resource below on ultrafast optics.
(2) Ultrafast Lasers and Optics for Experimentalists by Prof. James Pickering. The author's original, non-publisher version of the book is called Ultrafast Optics For Chemists: https://jamesdpickering.com/pdfs/ultrafast_optics_for_chemists_v1-1.pdf
(3) Alignment of Optical Systems Using Lasers - A Guide for the Uninitiated by Dr. David Benton 2021. The author's original, non-publisher version of the book is attached*. hhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/354513347_Alignment_of_Optical_Systems_Using_Lasers. A good guide for beginners.
(3) Basics of Optical Alignment by Dr. Florian Ströhl. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh5cDpn282vaCtqzjg6laUaR-CtzghltB. A good tutorial videos for beginners. Short tutorial films on YouTube. Films supported by EU's Marie Sktodowska Curie actions for education and postdoctoral training.
(4) Other useful references:
MKS Newport's Resources (technical notes, tutorials, etc): https://www.newport.com/resources
Thorlabs' Technical Resources (Insights, Tutorials, App Notes, etc): https://www.thorlabs.com/navigation.cfm?guide_id=2400
Edmund Optics' Knowledge Center: https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/
Appendix - Practical Guide to Optical Alignment by Rainer Heintzmann 2013: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9783527687732.app2
[Book] Building Electro-Optical Systems: Making It all Work, by Philip Hobbs. ISBN: 978-1-119-43906-6; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119439080
[Book] Building Scientific Apparatus, by John Moore et al. ISBN: 9780511609794. https://archive.org/details/buildingscientificapparatus4theditionmooredaviscoplan/
General Science and Engineering
Wolfram Alpha https://www.wolframalpha.com/
Optics and Lasers
Optics Toolbox by Light Conversion https://toolbox.lightcon.com/ - An all-in-one online calculator for laser and optics
Photon Energy Unit Conversions (ev-nm-THz-fs-cm^-1) https://halas.rice.edu/unit-conversions
Edmund Optics Knowledge Center Resources / Calculators https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/?Query=&CategoryId=&Filters=techTool
MKS Ophir Calculators https://www.ophiropt.com/en/photonics-calculators
Gentec-EO calculator https://www.gentec-eo.com/laser-calculators An online calculator including Gaussian optics
LASERCALCULATOR https://www.lasercalculator.com - A collection of calculators including laser pulses
APE Calculator https://www.ape-berlin.de/en/calculator For nonlinear optics (OPO, CARS, DFG, SFG).
RefractiveIndex.INFO Refractive index database https://refractiveindex.info
X-rays
CXRO The Center for X-ray Optics calculators for x-rays https://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants
KMLabs HHG calculator https://www.kmlabs.com/hhg_output https://www.kmlabs.com/en/wavelength-to-photon-energy-calculator
OCDB (optical constants data base) https://www.ocdb.ptb.de/home
Atoms
NIST Atomic Spectra Database https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database
NIST XCOM Photon Cross Sections Database https://www.nist.gov/pml/xcom-photon-cross-sections-database
Demos
PhET Wave Interference: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/wave-interference
Quantum
SPDCalc https://spdcalc.org - For spontaneous parametric down-conversion phase matching conditions
PERCEVAL https://perceval.quandela.net/ - An open source framework for programming photonic quantum computers.
Virtual Quantum Optics Laboratory https://www.vqol.org/ - Documentation: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.07300
Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap https://quantumflytrap.com/virtual-lab - No-code online lab with a real-time simulation of an optical table, supporting up to three entangled particles.
HHG
High harmonic generation Simulations https://github.com/Aurelien-Pelissier/High-Harmonic-Generation?tab=readme-ov-file
ClassSTRONG: Classical simulations of strong field processes https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001046551300310X