Academic publications

• C.-T. Liao, H. M. Leung, and H.-C. Huang. “Methods for Arithmetic by Structured Radiation Wave.” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/868,028, filed Aug 21, 2025. Patent pending.

• R. Martín-Hernández*, G. Gui, L. Plaja, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, C.-T. Liao*, M. Porras, and C. Hernández-García. "Extreme-ultraviolet spatiotemporal vortices via high harmonic generation," Nature Photonics 19, 817 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-025-01699-w. arXiv:2412.01716 (2024)

• H.-C. Huang, K. Mu, H. M. Leung*, and C.-T. Liao*, "Transverse orbital angular momentum and polarization entangled spatiotemporal structured light," Nanophotonics 14, 863 (2025).  arXiv.2412.16896 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0764

• X. Lu, J. Zou, M. Pham, A. Rana, C.-T. Liao, E. Cating Subramanian, X. Wu, Y. Lo, C. S. Bevis, R. Karl, S. Lepadatu, Y.-S. Yu, Y. Tserkovnyak, T. Russell, D. Shapiro, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, R. Streubel, and J. Miao, "Magnetic Order in Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Revealed by X-ray Vector Ptychographic Tomography," ACS Applied Nano Materials 8, 6643 (2025). arXiv:2401.01284 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.5c00461

• H. C. Kapteyn, B. Wang, C.-T. Liao, and M. Murnane. "Quantum-limited Extreme Ultraviolet Coherent Diffraction Imaging.” WIPO(PCT) WO2020150634A1, Publication No.: US20220100094A1, Patent No.: US 12,085,520 B2. Filed date Jan. 17, 2020; publication date Mar. 31, 2022; issued date Sep. 10, 2024. https://patents.google.com/patent/US12085520B2/

• Y. Shen, Q. Zhan, L. Wright, D. Christodoulides, F. Wise, A. Willner, Z. Zhao, K.-H. Zou, C.-T. Liao*, C. Hernández-García, M. Murnane, M. Porras, A. Chong, C. Wan, Q. Zhan, K. Bliokh, M. Yessenov, A. Abouraddy, L. J. Wong, M. Go, S. Kumar, C. Guo, S. Fan, N. Papasimakis, N. Zheludev, L. Chen, W. Zhu, A. Agrawal, S. Jolly, C. Dorrer, B. Alonso, I. Lopez-Quintas, M. López-Ripa, Í. Sola, Y. Fang, Q. Gong, Y. Liu, J. Huang, H. Zhang, Z. Ruan, M. Mounaix, N. Fontaine, J. Carpenter, A. Dorrah, F. Capasso, A. Forbes. “Roadmap on spatiotemporal light fields,” Journal of Optics 25, 093001 (2023). DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/ace4dc

Also cite as: Liao, Chen-Ting, Carlos Hernández-García, and Margaret M. Murnane. "7. Femto-and atto-second vortex pulses and their nonlinear conversion." Roadmap on spatiotemporal light fields. J. Opt. 25 093001 (2023)

• A. Rana†, C.-T. Liao†, E. Iacocca, J. Zou, M. Pham, X. Lu, E. Cating Subramanian, Y. H. Lo, S. Ryan, C. Bevis, R. Karl Jr, A. Glaid, J. Rable, P. Mahale, J. Hirst, T. Ostler, W. Liu, C. O’Leary, Y. Yu, K. Bustillo, H. Ohldag, D. Shapiro, S. Yazdi, T. Mallouk, S. Osher, H. Kapteyn, V. Crespi, J. Badding, Y. Tserkovnyak, M. Murnane, J. Miao. “Three-dimensional topological magnetic monopoles and their interactions in a ferromagnetic meta-lattice,” Nature Nanotechnology 18, 227 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01311-0 (Earlier version: arXiv:2104.12933 (2021))

○  News coverage from JILA: The Swirling Spins of Hedgehogs [link]

○  News coverage from Berkeley Lab:  Imaging Topological Magnetic Monopoles in 3D [link]

• C. Gentry, C.-T. Liao*, W. You, S. Ryan, B. Varner, X. Shi, T. Gray, D. Temple, M. Raschke, K. Rossnage, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, and E. Cating-Subramanian*. “Super-resolved time-frequency measurements of Phonon Dynamics in 2D Quantum Material,” Scientific Reports 12, 19734 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22055-w

• G. Gui, N. Brooks, B. Wang, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, and C.-T. Liao*. “Single-frame characterization of ultrafast pulses with spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum,” ACS Photonics 9, 8, 2802 (2022) [ACS Editors’ Choice®] [Featured on ACS Photonics cover; link here]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00626

○  News coverage from JILA: Creating A Two-Step Dance for Lasers [Link]

• G. Gui, N. Brooks, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, and C.-T. Liao*. “Second-harmonic generation and the conservation of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum of light,” Nature Photonics 15, 608 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00841-8

○  News coverage from JILA "From Plane Propellers to Helicopter Rotors"  [Link]  

• G. Gui, A. Adak, M. Dandapat, D. Carlson, A. Guggenmos, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, V. Pervak, and C.-T. Liao*, “Measurement and control of optical nonlinearities in dispersive dielectric multilayers.” Optics Express 29, 4947 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.409216

• B. Wang, M. Tanksalvala, Z. Zhang, Y. Esashi, N. Jenkins, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, and C.-T. Liao*. “Coherent Fourier scatterometry using orbital angular momentum beams for defect detection.” Optics Express 29, 3342 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.414584

• M. Tanksalvala, C. Porter, Y. Esashi, B. Wang, N. Jenkins, Z. Zhang, G. Miley, J. Knobloch, B. Mcbennett, N. Horiguchi, S. Yazdi, J. Zhou, E. Hosler, M. Jacobs, C. Bevis, R. Karl Jr., P. Johnsen, G. Kuo, M. Chen, G. Gunjala, D. Ren, L. Waller, D. Adams, S. Cousin, C.-T. Liao, J. Miao, M. Gerrity, H. Kapteyn, and M. Murnane, “Nondestructive, high-resolution, chemically specific 3D nanostructure characterization using phase-sensitive EUV imaging reflectometry.” Science Advances 7, eabd9667 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd9667.

• X. Shi, C.-T. Liao, Z. Tao, E. Cating-Subramanian, M. Murnane, C. Hernandez Garcia, H. Kapteyn. “Attosecond light science and its applications for probing quantum materials.” Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 53 184008 (2020) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aba2fb.

• Y.H. Lo, C.-T. Liao, J. Zhou, A. Rana, C.S. Bevis, G. Gui, B. Enders, K. Cannon, Y.-S. Yu, R. Celestre, K. Nowrouzi, D. Shapiro, H. Kapteyn, R. Falcone, C. Bennett, M. Murnane, and J. Miao. “Multimodal x-ray and electron microscopy of the Allende meteorite,” Science Advances 5, eaax3009 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax3009.

○  News coverage from Phys.org [Link]

• C.-T. Liao, Y.H. Lo, J. Zhou, A. Rana, C.S. Bevis, G. Gui, B. Enders, K. Cannon, D. Shapiro, C. Bennett, H. Kapteyn, R. Falcone, J. Miao, and M. Murnane, “SQUARREL: scattering quotient analysis to retrieve the ratio of elements in x-ray ptychography.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, 112 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619001296.

• L. Rego, K. Dorney, N. Brooks, Q. Nguyen, C.-T. Liao, J. S. Román, D. Couch, A. Liu, E. Pisanty, M. Lewenstein, L. Plaja, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, and C. Hernández-García. “Generation of extreme-ultraviolet beams with time-varying orbital angular momentum,” Science 364, eaaw9486 (2019). [Featured on Science cover, link here] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw9486 

○  News coverage from from National Geographic [Link], 

○  News coverage from New Scientist [Link], 

○  News coverage from from Phys.org [Link], 

○  News coverage from from Physics World [Link],  

○  News coverage from from Optics & Photonics News [Link], 

○  News coverage from from Sci-News [Link]

• K. Dorney, L. Rego, N. Brooks, J. Román, C.-T. Liao, J. Ellis, D. Zusin, C. Gentry, Q. Nguyen, J. Shaw, A. Picón, L. Plaja, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, and C. Hernández-García, “Controlling the polarization, divergence and vortex charge of attosecond high-harmonic beams via simultaneous spin-orbit momentum conservation,” Nature Photonics, 13, 123 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0304-3.

• Y. Esashi, C.-T. Liao*, B. Wang, N. Brooks, K. Dorney, C. Hernández-García, H. Kapteyn, D. Adams, and M. Murnane. “Ptychographic amplitude and phase reconstruction of bichromatic vortex beams,” Optics Express 26, 34007 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.034007 

             Legends: *Corresponding author; †Equal contribution

• N. Harkema, J. E. Bækhøj, C.-T. Liao, K. B. Schafer, M. J. Gaarde, and A. Sandhu, “Controlling attosecond transient absorption with tunable, non-commensurate light fields,” Optics Letters 43, 3357 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.003357

• C.-T. Liao and A. Sandhu. “XUV Transient Absorption Spectroscopy: Probing Laser-Perturbed Dipole Polarization in Single Atom, Macroscopic, and Molecular Regimes.” Photonics 4, 17 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics4010017 

• C.-T. Liao, X. Li, D. J. Haxton, T.  N. Rescigno, R. R. Lucchese, C. W. McCurdy, and A. Sandhu. “Probing autoionizing states of molecular oxygen with XUV transient absorption: Electronic symmetry dependent lineshapes and laser induced modifications.” Physical Review A 95, 4, 043427 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.043427

• C.-T. Liao, A. Sandhu, S. Camp, K. J. Schafer, and M. B. Gaarde. “Attosecond transient absorption in dense gases: Exploring the interplay between resonant pulse propagation and laser-induced line-shape control.” Physical Review A 93, 3, 033405 (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.93.033405

• C.-T. Liao, A. Sandhu, S. Camp, K. J. Schafer, and M. B. Gaarde. “Beyond the single-atom response in absorption line shapes: probing a dense, laser-dressed helium gas with attosecond pulse trains.” Physical Review Letters 114, 14, 143002 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.143002 

• C.-T. Liao, L.-W. Teng, C.-Y. Tsai, C.-W. Io, and I. Lin. “Lagrangian-Eulerian micromotion and wave heating in nonlinear self-excited dust-acoustic waves.” Physical Review Letters 100, 18, 185004 (2008). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.185004

• H.-Y. Chu, C.-T. Liao, and I. Lin “Explosion dynamics of dusty plasma liquids induced by laser ablation on suspended dust particles.” Applied Physics Letters 89, 10, 101503 (2006). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2348778
  
  

• K. Veselsky, S. Karmakar, A. Driesbach, and C.-T. Liao, "Multiband Femtosecond Entangled Light Sources by High-and Low-gain Parametric Down-Conversion," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2025 (FIO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2025), paper xxx.xxx

• K. Veselsky, S. Karmakar, A. Driesbach, and C.-T. Liao, "Multiwavelength Entangled Photon Pair Source via SPDC in BBO using 1030 nm SHG and THG femtosecond pump," Advanced Solid State Lasers. Optica Publishing Group, 2025.

• H.-C. Huang, K. Mu, H.M. Leung, and C.-T. Liao, "Spatio-temporal Optical Vortices: Mode-entanglement and Fractional Transverse OAM," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2025 (FIO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2025), paper xxx.xxx

• K. Mu, H.-C. Huang, C.-T. Liao, and H.M. Leung, "Exploring Spatiotemporal Wave Packets for Extended Depth of Field Biomedical Imaging," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2025 (FIO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2025), paper xxx.xxx

• K. Mu, H.-C. Huang, C.-T. Liao, and H.M. Leung, "Engineering Structured Spatiotemporal Light Fields for Biomedical Imaging Applications," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2025 (FIO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2025), paper xxx.xxx

•  R. Martín-Hernández, G. Gui, L. Plaja, H.C. Kapteyn, M.M. Murnane, M.A. Porras, C.-T. Liao, and C. Hernández-García "Nonlinear up-conversion of spatiotemporal vortices into the EUV via high harmonic generation", Proc. SPIE 13393, Complex Light and Optical Forces XIX, 1339308 (19 March 2025); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3045574 

• R. Martín-Hernández, G. Gui, L. Plaja, H. K. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. A. Porras, C. Liao, and C. Hernández-García, "Generation of High-order Harmonic Spatiotemporal and Spatiospectral Optical Vortices," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2024 (FiO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2024), paper LM5F.5. 

• I. Binnie, H. Fang, B. Shearer, C. Liao, E. M. Cating-Subramanian, S. Montoya, E. Fullerton, D. Shapiro, J. Miao, H. Kapteyn, and M. Murnane, "3D Soft X-ray Vector Ptychography of Topological Magnetic Skyrmions," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2024 (FiO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2024), paper JTu4A.26. 

• Chen-Ting Liao "Spatiotemporal light fields: from strong-field to single photon", Proc. SPIE PC12901, Complex Light and Optical Forces XVIII, PC129010J (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3009626 

• R. Martín-Hernández, G. Gui, L. Plaja, H. K. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. A. Porras, C. Liao, and C. Hernández-García, "Generation of high-order harmonic spatiotemporal optical vortices," in High-Brightness Sources and Light-Driven Interactions Congress, Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2024), paper HW5A.6.

• Hui Min Leung and Chen-Ting Liao. "Development of Classically Entangled Light for Depth-Resolved Quantum Mimicry Bioimaging." Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science Program (2023): 20.

• M. Tanksalvala, Y. Esashi, C. L. Porter, N. W. Jenkins, B. Wang, Z. Zhang, G. P. Miley, N. Horiguchi, S. Yazdi, C. Liao, M. Gerrity, H. C. Kapteyn, and M. M. Murnane, "Nondestructive, high-resolution, chemically specific 3D nanostructure characterization using extreme ultraviolet, coherent diffractive imaging reflectometry," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023 (FiO, LS), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2023), paper LM1F.4. 

• Chen-Ting Liao et al., "Soft x-ray vector ptycho-tomography: a new quantitative vector nanoimaging method for spin textures in 3D," Proc. SPIE 12656, Spintronics XVI, 126560U (28 September 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679845

• I. Binnie, B. Wang, N. J. Brooks, P. Johnsen, Y. Esashi, N. Jenkins, G. Gui, Y. Shao, D. Morrill, M. Tanksalvala, E. Cating-Subramanian, C. Liao, H. C. Kapteyn, and M. M. Murnane, "Vortex High Harmonic Beams Enable High-Fidelity Ptychographic Imaging of Highly Periodic Structures," in Optica Imaging Congress (3D, COSI, DH, FLatOptics, IS, pcAOP), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2023), paper CM4B.3. 

• Chen-Ting Liao et al., "Single-frame characterization and nonlinear conversion of ultrafast vortex pulses carrying spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum", Proc. SPIE PC12436, Complex Light and Optical Forces XVII, PC1243607 (17 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649114

1. C.-T. Liao, H. M. Leung, and H.-C. Huang. “Methods for Arithmetic by Structured Radiation Wave.” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/868,028, filed Aug 21, 2025. Patent pending.

2. H. C. Kapteyn, B. Wang, C.-T. Liao, and M. Murnane. "Quantum-limited Extreme Ultraviolet Coherent Diffraction Imaging.” WIPO(PCT) WO2020150634A1, Publication No.: US20220100094A1, Patent No.: US 12,085,520 B2. Filed date Jan. 17, 2020; publication date Mar. 31, 2022; issued date Sep. 10, 2024. https://patents.google.com/patent/US12085520B2/

3. C.-T. Liao, B. Wang, M. Tanksalvala, M. Murnane, H. Kapteyn. “Coherent Fourier Scatterometry Using Orbital Angular Momentum Beams.” Provisional Patent Application App. No.: 62971735. 7 (2020). 

1. H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, Y. Esashi, M. Tanksalvala, J. Knobloch, C.-T. Liao, D. Hickstein, C. Bargsten, K. Dorney, and J. Petersen, “Coherent EUV light sources based on high-order harmonic generation: Principles and applications in nanotechnology,” Chapter 21 in Photon Sources for Lithography and Metrology, V. Bakshi, Ed., SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, pp. 847–909. ISBN: 9781510653719 (2023). [Invited book chapter] 

2. C.-T. Liao, C. Hernández-García, and M. Murnane, "Switching the Twist in X Rays with Magnets," Physics 14, 34 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/Physics.14.34 [Invited viewpoint article]