Objectives

You have completed this lesson when you can:

1. Describe and use procedures for safely handling acids and bases.

2. Observe, describe, and recognize the properties of acids and bases, and use these properties to experimentally identify acids and bases.

3. Name common binary and ternary acids and hydroxide bases.

4. Define and describe acids and bases using the Arrhenius concept.

5. Apply the definition of electrolytes to acids and bases and write equations illustrating the dissociation of simple acids and bases under the Arrhenius concept.

6. Define polyprotic acids and bases and recognize common polyprotic acids from their formulas.

7. Define and describe acids and bases using the Brønsted-Lowry concept.

8. Write equations illustrating the dissociation of acids and bases under the Brønsted-Lowry concept.

9. Define and describe bases using the Lewis concept.

10. Recognize substances as acids or bases based on their composition.

11. Describe and recognize conjugate pair relationships. Identify the conjugate base of any acid or the conjugate acid of any base.

12. Know the formulas for the hydronium and hydroxide ions and explain how they are formed in acid/base reactions.

13. Write an equation for the autoionization of water into hydronium and hydroxide.

14. Write an expression for K_w as it relates to this reaction and explain its meaning.

15. Apply the K_w expression to explain the relationship between hydronium and hydroxide concentration in a solution.

16. Define pH and pOH and calculate them from hydronium/hydroxide concentrations, or vice versa, and calculate pH from pOH or vice versa.

17. Use pH, pOH, hydronium concentration, or hydroxide concentration to identify a solution as acidic, basic, or neutral.