Objectives

You have completed this lesson when you can:

Define a solution and describe the general properties of a solution.
Distinguish between pure liquids, solutions, colloidal dispersions, and suspensions
Use molecular polarity to predict whether or not two substances will mix with one another to form a solution.
Use solubility rules to determine whether an ionic compound is soluble in water.
Use solubility rules to determine whether an ionic compound will precipitate when selected ions are mixed in solution.
Identify and describe unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions.
Explain why saturated solutions containing undissolved solute are examples of dynamic equilibrium.
Describe and classify solutions as nonelectrolytes, weak electrolytes, and strong electrolytes.
Classify electrolytes as acids, bases or salts based on their formulas and the ions formed when they dissociate in water.
Write equations for solvation reactions, showing the ions present in electrolytic solutions.
Describe the physical and bonding changes that take place when ionic, polar, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in water.
Calculate the heat of solution for a reaction given the appropriate data.
Compare the freezing and boiling points of solutions with those of pure solvents.
Given their formulas, predict which solutes will have the most effect on the freezing and boiling points of water.
Compare the vapor pressures of solutions with those of pure solvents.
Describe osmosis at both the observable and molecular levels.

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