Objectives

You have completed this lesson when you can:

1. Describe how the periodic table is arranged with respect to atomic numbers and similarities of chemical properties.

2. Identify the various groups (families), periods and other sections of the periodic table. Specifically:

   • periods

   • groups

   • metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

   • inert (noble) gases

   • halogens

   • alkali metals

   • alkaline earth metals

   • transition metals (elements)

   • representative elements

3. Locate an element on the periodic table and determine which group and which period it is in.

4. Classify an element as either a metal or a nonmetal from its position on the periodic table.

5. Describe how the periodic table is arranged with respect to the electron configurations of the elements.

6. Determine the number of valence electrons for elements from their electron configuration or position on the periodic table.

7. Describe what each of the following is and how each varies within the periods and groups of the periodic table:

   • nuclear charge

   • number of main electron energy levels

   • shielding electrons

   • valence electrons

   • effective nuclear charge

8. Describe what atomic size is, how it varies within the groups and periods, and explain why it varies the way it does.

9. Describe what ionization energy is, how it varies within the groups and periods, and explain why it varies the way it does.

10. Describe how the tendency of atoms to gain electrons varies within the groups and periods, and explain why it varies the way it does.

11. Describe what electron affinity is.

12. Describe how the sizes of cations and anions compare to one another and to their parent atoms.

13. For metals, describe what chemical reactivity is, how it varies within the groups and periods, and explain why it varies the way it does.

14. For nonmetals, describe what chemical reactivity is, how it varies within the groups and periods, and explain why it varies the way it does.