Sumerian Civilization

The Sumerians are one of the first civilizations and some people consider them the creators of civilization. They were a city of firsts they had made so many things we use today they literally had to recreate the wheel! They had created the first linguistic record. Or writing this writing is called cuneiform (pronounced que-nay-uh-form or /kyo͞oˈnēəˌfôrm,ˈkyo͞onēəˌfôrm,ˈkyo͞onəˌfôrm/.) 

They had also created hydraulics. Most architecture is credited to the Sumerians; one example that is most likely is some cities had giant walls so they had raised their beds. Like the egyptians had pyramids the sumerians a ziggurats giant temple like structures. The ziggurats had started appearing

Somewhere around 2200 BC. 

Sumerian culture is very old. By the time the great pyramids of giza were finished sumerian culture was 1600 years old. archaeologists say that there were 6 stages to the sumerian culture. Sumerians had a pantheon (a group of gods) this pantheon had a pyramid with some god being more powerful than other every city had  a different god they worshiped from that pyramid. (TS)

  Akkadian Civilization

  Babylonian Civilization        

The city of Babylon makes its first appearance in our sources after the fall of the Empire of the Third Dynasty of Ur, which had ruled the city states of the alluvial plain between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris for more than a century.

 Babylon first rose to prominence in the late Bronze Age, around the beginning of the second millennium B.C.E., when it was occupied by people known as the Amorites. A series of strong Amorite kings—including King Hammurabi, famous for making the world’s first legal code—enabled Babylon to eclipse the Sumerian capital, Ur, as the region’s most powerful city. Nebuchadnezzar is known for rebuilding much of Babylon and restoring it to its former glory. He also built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon which is considered one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World.

The Babylonian Empire was the most powerful state in the ancient world after the fall of the Assyrian empire (612 BCE). Its capital Babylon was beautifully adorned by king Nebuchadnezzar, who erected several famous buildings. (WB)

  Assyrian Civilization 

Located in the northern part of Mesopotamia, the Assyrians were an important civilization for mesopotamia. Their civilization began because of their empire who started major power. Ashurbanipal was king of the Neo-Assyrian empire who at the time of his reign was the largest empire in the world. Above all rulers he was not modest. He boasted that he was the “king of the world.” Despite being one of the greatest rulers, Ashurbanipal was not destined for the throne. He was the youngest brother. When his oldest brother Esarhaddon died, his father passed over to the next eldest son Shamash-shum-ukin, and Ashurbanipal the prince. The rest of Esarhaddon’s sons weren't happy that their dad put the youngest sibling on the throne so they brutally murdered their own father. As a consolation, Esarhaddon made Shamash-shum-ukin king of Babylon. 

The Assyrians had the most ruthless military force in the Mesopotamia era. It is estimated that the size of the Assyrian army at its peak was several hundred thousand soldiers. Every young man was expected to train as a warrior and always be ready to fight. The soldiers were trained in siege warfare, battle tactics, and personal combat.

Fighting between King Assurbanipal and his brother weakened the empire and opened it up to sumerians. Although eventually conquered by Sumer, Assyrians once ruled from 1365–609 BCE. (EG)