Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on cave or rock walls and ceilings, usually dating to prehistoric times. Rock paintings have been made since the Upper Paleolithic, 40,000 years ago. They have been found in Europe, Africa, Australia and Southeast Asia. 

In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets (Akkadian ṭuppu(m)were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age. Cuneiform characters were imprinted on a wet clay tablet with a stylus often made of reed (reed pen). 

The ancient Egyptians used the stem of the papyrus plant to make sails, cloth, mats, cords, and, above all, paper. Paper made from papyrus was the chief writing material in ancient Egypt, was adopted by the Greeks, and was used extensively in the Roman Empire. 

Acta Diurna were daily Roman official notices, a sort of daily gazette. They were carved on stone or metal and presented in message boards in public places like the Forum of Rome. They were also called simply Acta. The first form of Acta appeared around 131 BC during the Roman Republic. 

While closest in form and function to gazettes in the Western world, they have also been called “palace reports” or “imperial bulletins”. Different sources place their first publication as early as the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) or as late as the Tang Dynasty (June 18, 618–June 4, 907).  

Maya codices (singular codex) are folding books written by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Maya hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican bark cloth.  

A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium. 

The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published. 

The London Gazette claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK.

The first commercial typewriters were introduced in 1874,[2] but did not become common in offices until after the mid-1880s.[3] The typewriter quickly became an indispensable tool for practically all writing other than personal handwritten correspondence. It was widely used by professional writers, in offices, and for business correspondence in private homes.  A typewriter operates by means of keys that strikes a ribbon to transmit ink or carbon impressions onto paper.

Damoizeau built what has been suggested as the first panoramic camera, which is untrue. The Cyclographe (right) took photographs encompassing a full 360º and was one of the better panoramic cameras of the day. It was a collapsible bellows-camera and contained a pointed punch which would strike and thereby identify each new exposure on the roll prior to its passing before a slit at the shutter.  

Motion pictures, movie-making as an art and an industry, including its production techniques, its creative artists, and the distribution and exhibition of its products (see also motion picture photography;Motion Picture Cameras under camera). 

A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed before sound motion pictures were made commercially practical. Reliable synchronization was difficult to achieve with the early sound-on-disc systems, and amplification and recording quality were also inadequate. Innovations in sound-on-film led to the first commercial screening of short motion pictures using the technology, which took place in 1923.  

The invention of the transistor ushered in the Electronic Age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient. 

Television The First Electronic Television was Invented in 1927. The world's first electronic television was created by a 21 year old inventor named Philo Taylor Farnsworth. That inventor lived in a house without electricity until he was age 14. 

Computer second gen Second generation: 1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more reliable. In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and 700 series computers made their mark in the computer world. 

The very first web browser was the WorldWideWeb of Berners-Lee, but the first popularized web browser was the NCSA Mosaic Internet Web Browser. Previous web browsers were not user friendly; they lacked an intuitive and inviting way to allow people to navigate the then-new World Wide Web.In 1992 two developers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois (Marc Andreessen and Eric Brina) began working on a graphical, user friendly web browser they would later call “Mosaic”.  

1994: First blog created by Justin Hall on Links.net

Hall created the first blog at Links.net, which contained “essentially a review of HTML examples he came across from various online links,” according to HubSpot. The term “blog” had not been coined; Hall referred to it as his personal homepage.

1997: The term “weblog” was coined by Jorn Barger

Other people followed in Hall’s example and shared their personal lives online. Jorn Barger coined the term “weblog” to describe these sites; the term reflected the process of “logging the web” as he browsed, according to Webdesigner Depot.

1998: Open Diary was launched

Open Diary introduced a community approach to blogging that allowed members to comment on others’ work.

1999: Peter Morholz shortened “weblog” to “blog”

Morholz later headed up design at Groupon and OpenTable.

1999: Blogger was created by Evan Williams and Meg Hourihan

The blogging platform Blogger launched, opening up opportunities for people to publish online. LiveJournal and Xanga followed in 1999 (Xanga originally began as a social network, but added blogging features in 2000).

Friendster was founded by Canadian computer programmer Jonathan Abrams in 2002, before MySpace (2003), Hi5 (2004), Facebook (2004) and other social networking sites. Friendster.com went live in 2003 and was adopted by 3 million users within the first few months. 

Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, its name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students. Membership was initially limited to Harvard students, gradually expanding to other North American universities and, since 2006, anyone over 13 years old. As of July 2022, Facebook claimed 2.93 billion monthly active users,[6] and ranked third worldwide among the most visited websites as of July 2022.[7] It was the most downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.[8] 

Multiply was a social networking service with an emphasis on allowing users to share media – such as photos, videos and blog entries – with their "real-world" network. The website was launched in March 2004 and was privately held with backing by VantagePoint Venture Partners, Point Judith Capital, Transcosmos, and private investors.[2] Multiply had over 11 million registered users.[3] The company was headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida but moved to Jakarta, Indonesia early in 2012 and recently announced intentions to switch to e-commerce, dropping the social networking aspect entirely. Quantcast estimates Multiply had 2.47 million monthly U.S. unique visitors at their peak on July 30, 2012.[4] 

YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second most visited website, after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 billion monthly users[7] who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day.[8] As of May 2019, videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute.[9][10]

In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion.[11] Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone, to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube

AR uses a real-world setting while VR is completely virtual. AR users can control their presence in the real world; VR users are controlled by the system. VR requires a headset device, but AR can be accessed with a smartphone. AR enhances both the virtual and real world while VR only enhances a fictional reality. 

• Augmented reality (AR) augments your surroundings by adding digital elements to a live view, often by using the camera on a smartphone. 

• Virtual reality (VR) is a completely immersive experience that replaces a real-life environment with a simulated one.

Skype is a telecommunication application that provides the feature of video and voice calling to the user with the help of the internet via computer, laptop, tablet, smart phones etc.

Skype was launched in the year 2003 by Niklas Zennström, from Denmark. However, it gained popularity from 2010. In the covid-19 situation, skype acquired a huge market. In March 2020, Skype was used by 100 million people on a monthly basis and by 40 million people on a daily basis, which was a 70% increase in the number of daily users from the previous month, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Google Hangouts

Google Hangouts is a communications platform launched in the year 2013 by Google which helps the users to start and join in different communication channels like instant messaging, voice calls, and video calls.

Google played a crucial role in shaping the modern internet and still is playing its role. Today, the way we live our lives, and the way we search or look for things is mostly because of Google. It directly or indirectly impacts millions of people and it continues to impact many more lives. Today, most businesses use google to promote themselves, market their products and gain sales. They look for ways to increase Google reviews to gain more customers and earn profits in their businesses. There’s no doubt it’s the ‘Modern Day Oxygen’. The history of Google dates back to the year 1996, when two of the brightest minds at Stanford University in California, Larry Page and Sergey Brin developed a search algorithm first known as ‘BackRub’ with the help of two friends Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg. 

Yahoo was incorporated on March 2, 1995. In 1995, a search engine function, called Yahoo Search, was introduced. This allowed users to search Yahoo Directory.[22][23] Yahoo soon became the first popular online directory and search engine on the World Wide Web.[24] 

A portable computer is a computer designed to be easily moved[1] from one place to another, as opposed to those designed to remain stationary at a single location such as desktops and workstations. These computers usually include a display and keyboard that are directly connected to the main case, all sharing a single power plug together, much like later desktop computers called all-in-ones (AIO) that integrate the system's internal components into the same case as the display.[2] In modern usage, a portable computer usually refers to a very light and compact personal computer such as a laptop, miniature or pocket-sized computer, while touchscreen-based handheld ("palmtop") devices such as tablet, phablet and smartphone are called mobile devices instead. 

A smartphone is a portable computer device that combines mobile telephone functions and computing functions into one unit. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, access to the internet (including web browsing over mobile broadband), and multimedia functionality (including music, video, cameras, and gaming), alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. 

Wearable technology is any technology that is designed to be used while worn. Common types of wearable technology include smartwatches and smartglasses. Wearable electronic devices are often close to or on the surface of the skin, where they detect, analyze, and transmit information such as vital signs, and/or ambient data and which allow in some cases immediate biofeedback to the wearer.[1][2][3]

Wearable devices such as activity trackers are an example of the Internet of Things, since "things" such as electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity are effectors that enable objects to exchange data (including data quality[4]) through the internet with a manufacturer, operator, and/or other connected devices, without requiring human intervention.