Passo Brocon is a primary site. 

The pastures here are encompassed by coniferous forests and fall under the administrative jurisdiction of the municipalities of Cinte Tesino, Pieve Tesino and Castello Tesino (Trentino Alto Adige region). Land stewardship of these pastures (Malga Arpaco, Malga Telvagola, Malga Cavallara) is delegated to local agrarians who lease these tracts from municipal authorities. 

Over millennia, human activities have profoundly modified the landscape here, converting natural subalpine vegetation to pastures and meadows. The inherent subalpine flora, comprised of pure or mixed spruce and larch forests, is primarily confined to the slopes.

Manipualtion plots are located at 1700 m of elevation. The cronosequence spans from 1400 to 1700 m asl and encompasses areas abbandoned in different periods starting from early 1970s.  

The climatic conditions are determined by a mountainous topography, registering an average annual temperature of 5.4 °C. The annual precipitation pattern ranges from 1390 mm to 2800 mm during the period spanning 1981 to 2021. Precipitation reduction of 33% is planned for this site.

San Rossore is a primary site.

The site is situated within the San Rossore (Toscana region) estate belonging now to Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli Natural Park and extending along the coastal strip crossing various natural environments. The historical economy of the estate flourished through reclamation projects, establishment of pine plantations, free-range breeding of cattle, horses, and buffaloes, as well as hunting activities. 

Manipulation plots are located in the area subjected to extensive rotational cattle grazing and wild grazing of ungulates, numerous for the area. 

Climate of the site is Mediterranean, subjected to elevated tempertures and summer drought periods. The mean annual temperature is 16.2 °C and the precipitation amount ranges from 283 to 860 mm as estimated for the period between 1981 and 2021. Precipitation reduction of 57% is planned for this site.

San Venanzo is a primary site.

The San Venanzo site, situated on the slopes of Mount Peglia in the Umbria region, is a privately owned area. Historically, the land was employed for wine grape cultivation, free-range breeding of cattle, sheep, and swine, as well as for wheat cultivation. However, in the ensuing decades, the area experienced a period of abandonment until the current owner acquired the property in 1980s reinstating the free-range breeding practices.

The climate of the site is Mediterranean. The mean annual temprature is 12.9 °C and the precipitation amount ranges from 470 to 1120 mm as estimated for the period between 1981 and 2021. Precipitation reduction of 50% is planned for this site.