Lesson 02.

Main Musical Periods

The Emergence of Tonality. Modern Era

Tonality

= a system of relating scale-degree functions, such as tonic, supertonic, mediant, etc (Dolmetsch)

= the arrangement of pitches and/or chords of a musical work in a hierarchy of perceived relations, stabilities, attractions and directionality (Wikipedia)


Baroque, c. 17-18/I

Organ, Toccata, Fugue - Bach, Toccata and Fugue in D minor BWV 565

Violin, Partita, Chaconne - Bach, Partita No. 2 for solo violin, Chaconne

Cello - Bach, Cello Suite No. 1 - Prelude

Harpsicord, Prelude, Fugue - Bach, The Well Tempered Clavier

Orchestra, Concerto grosso, Händel, Concerto grosso op. 6 No. 1

Oratorio, Choral, Bach, Johannes Passion (excerpt)

Opera seria, Aria, Händel, Xerxes, - aria Ombra mai fu

Händel, Almira - aria (the film Farinelli)

Classical Period, c. 18th/II

String Quartet, Haydn, Quartet Op. 76 No. 2

Symphony, Haydn, Symphony No. 94 - movement II

Concerto, Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 20 - movement II

Missa, Mozart, Requiem - Benedictus

Opera, Mozart, Nozze di Figaro - Duettino

19th Century

Romantic Period

Symphony, Berlioz, Symphonie fantastique - movement V

Lied, Schubert, The Trout

Opera, Verdi, Nabucco - Va pensiero (choir)

Neoclassicism, 19th/II Century

Brahms, Symphony No. 4 - movement IV

Franck, Violin & Piano Sonata, A major:

Allegretto ben moderato / Allegro / Ben moderato: Recitativo-Fantasia / Allegretto poco mosso

National Trend, 19th/II Century

Rhapsody, Liszt

Opera, Dvořák - Rusalka

Ballet, Grieg, Peer Gynt - Anitra's Dance

Opera Overture, Eduard Caudella, Prelude at Fata răzeșului

20th Century

Prokofiev, Classical Symphony - movement III

Richard Strauss, Also Sprach Zarathustra

Enescu, String Octet

Schonberg, Variazioni per orchestra op. 31

Debussy, Clair de lune

Puccini, Turandot

Charlie Chaplin, City Lights

The Beatles

Andrew Lloyd-Webber, Jesus Christ Superstar

Queen