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PRE-TONAL AGES
PRE-TONAL AGES
Prehistory
Prehistory
The period of time in the past before people could write: the time before history was written down (Merriam-Webster)
Significant traces about this period were found in: Western Asia, Middle East, North Africa
Antiquity, c* 4000 BC - end c.** 4th
Antiquity, c* 4000 BC - end c.** 4th
*c = circa
** c. = century
BC = before Christ
AD/ A.D. = anno Domini (Latin) = “in the year of our Lord”
- 4000 BC - Sumer, Egypt, India
- 2000 BC - China
- 1500 BC - Crete (Minoan Civilization), Mexic (Olmec Civilization), Judea
- 1200 BC - 1st cent. AD - Greek Classical Civilization
- 753 BC (traditional date of Rome Foundation) - c. 400 AD (separation of Roman Empire)
Middle Ages (in music)
Middle Ages (in music)
Western Europe, c. 4th - 13th
Western Europe, c. 4th - 13th
- c. 4th-8th - pre-Gregorian period
- c. 8th-12th - Gregorian Chant
- c. 12th-13th - Ars Antiqua (raising of polyphony)
Eastern Europe, c. 4th - 18th
Eastern Europe, c. 4th - 18th
- c. 4th - 15th - Byzantine period
- c. 15th - 18th - post-Byzantine period
Renaissance, c. 14th - 16th
Renaissance, c. 14th - 16th
- c. 14th - Early Renaissance/ Ars Nova
- c. 15th - French-Flemish Musicians
- c. 16th - Late Renaissance
TONAL EPOCH
TONAL EPOCH
Baroque, 1600 - 1750
Baroque, 1600 - 1750
- 1600 - 1650 - Early Baroque
- 1600 - 1700 - Middle Baroque
- 1700 - 1750 - Late Baroque / pre-Classical Period
from Bach's death until Beethoven's maturity -
- Bach's sons, Domenico Scarlatti, School of Mannheim
- Haydn, Mozart,
- Beethoven [Schubert]
19th Century
19th Century
- 1800 - 1830 - Early Romantism
- 1830 - 1890 - Romantic climax. Neoclassical trend. National groups
- [1890 - 1950 - Late / Post-Romantic Period]
DIVERSITY, CONTRAST, SYNTHESIS, TECHNICALITY, ECCENTRICITY
DIVERSITY, CONTRAST, SYNTHESIS, TECHNICALITY, ECCENTRICITY
and so forth...
20th - 21st Centuries
20th - 21st Centuries
Traditionalist Trends
- Late / Post-Romantic
- Neoclassicism
- Folklorism
Composers not included in the stylistic trends - Ravel, Enescu, Bartók, Strawinsky, Messiaen etc.
Avant-Garde in Music
Jazz
Rock
Multimedia
Therefore...
Therefore...
The musical timeline can be split on two main ages:
- the periods of the pre-tonal ages, where general references on both Western and Eastern Europe are included;
- the periods of the tonal ages, where the references regard mainly the music in Western Europe.
In the evolution of the musical styles, the 'epicenter' consists in the Classical period, 18th Century, for the following reasons:
- The musical language of the 18th century involves mainly the tonality, then simplicity, symmetry, clarity, consonance; emotional sobriety, discretion.
- This musical language is the basic context, the background in the musical education.
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