Zimmerman Theory

The Zimmerman model of self-regulated learning defines a student's efficacy in the classroom as (Zimmerman, 2010):

• The goals that the students set for themselves.

• How goal setting affects a student's motivation to learn.

• Goals enhance a student's choice/attention towards a task.

• Goals increase a student's effort to maintain their own learning process.

• That students can develop self-regulatory practices through social sources such as teachers, coaches, parents and peers.

Zimmerman’s Four Levels of Development into the Self-regulated Learner (DiBenedetto, 2011, pg.5):

1. Observation: students can learn vicariously as they observe the teacher as they teach.

2. Emulation: Teachers can provide students with agency over their own learning process.

3. Self-control: With help, student's can learn to develop self-regulation on their own.

4. Self-regulation: Through self awareness, students can apply this knowledge and begin to motivate themselves to learn without as much help from others by maintaining their own learning process and by setting goals.