Polymer Science: Unraveling the Science, One Chain at a Time

Dive into the intricate realm of our research work with our newsletter section. Uncover the science behind these versatile materials, link by link, and stay informed about our latest breakthroughs and innovations shaping our world.

We’re at halftime of the Fall 2025 season, and CRG is making bold moves to strengthen its roster. Julia Scully, from the University of Minnesota, CPM’s first-round pick, has officially chosen the Caldona Research Group as her home lab, where she will pursue her Master’s degree. Julia arrives with strong experience, having worked at Sherwin-Williams.

Her arrival couldn’t come at a more strategic moment. With CRG expected to graduate two of its veteran talents in Spring 2026, Dr. Eugene Caldona has been reshaping the lineup, ensuring the group’s long-term success. Bringing Julia to the center of this plan reflects not just recruitment, but Caldona’s broader strategy for knowledge transfer and talent training.

And of course, many ask the same question: why Julia chose CRG. Was it because Caldona delivered 12 publications in 2024 and is already at 13 in 2025? Or was it Caldona achieving over 500 citations in 2025 alone—and the year isn’t even over yet? Or because he consistently averages two to three grants per year, ensuring the group’s stability and reach? Maybe it’s because Caldona’s rigorous training style has already earned him recognition across Asia and Europe, not just in America. Perhaps it’s his academic pedigree as the academic grandchild of the legendary “father of electrochemistry,” Prof. Allen Bard. Or maybe it’s simply Caldona’s charisma—his ability to attract and mold the brightest talents into stars, like CRG veteran Rigel, whose influence has stretched from Japan to Europe.

In the end, maybe we’ll never know—or maybe, when it comes to CRG, no explanation is needed.

Dr. Reymark “Maki” Maalihan, post-doctoral researcher at the Caldona Research Group (CRG), has published his most anticipated paper in his scientific career in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (Impact Factor 8.2, 2024). His study, “Interface-Tunable Fluoropolymer Coatings Enabled by Surface-Engineered Recycled Tire Rubber”, demonstrates how discarded tires can be transformed into functional fillers that significantly enhance adhesion, toughness, and corrosion resistance in fluoropolymer coatings.

Behind the breakthrough lies the 2024 Dr. A. John Sendriks Seed Grant Award from AMPP, a fiercely competitive recognition secured by CRG’s founder, Dr. Eugene Caldona. Group members often note that such awards not only validate his vision for the lab but also set the stage for high-impact papers like this one. While Maalihan brought the concept to life in the lab, the direction traces back to Caldona’s original idea of turning waste tires into sustainable coatings. For many, the AMI publication stands as both a showcase of Maalihan’s skillful execution and a reflection of Caldona’s strategic vision—together forming the kind of dynamic duo that defines one of CRG’s most impactful works.

On July 28, 2025, De La Salle University’s Department of Chemistry hosted a Hybrid Seminar featuring Dr. Eugene B. Caldona (PI of CRG)—an event that felt less like a lecture and more like a masterclass in owning a room. His talk, “High-Performance Semi-Fluorinated Fluoropolymer Coatings with Enhanced Adhesion and Corrosion Resistance,” blended technical depth with just the right measure of charm, sparking animated discussions well past the scheduled end. Faculty, industry professionals, and aspiring researchers engaged eagerly, many already proposing ways to partner with the Caldona Research Group (CRG). By the conclusion, interest in joint projects on surface engineering and corrosion protection was unmistakable. While billed as a seminar, it also served as a quiet reminder that some speakers don’t just share research—they set the agenda for what comes next.

PhD students Marcel Roy Domalanta and Mark Rigel Ali of the Caldona Research Group at NDSU, along with undergraduate Xyle Altura, represented North Dakota State University at the Map the System Global Finals held at the University of Oxford. Their project, “Saving Science: Why PhD Students Quit,” explored systemic issues in graduate education through a systems thinking framework. 

Their ability to present complex ideas with clarity and impact stemmed from years of training in technical communication encouraged by their advisor, Dr. Eugene Caldona. Known not only for his technical expertise but also for his commitment to public speaking, character development, and student empowerment, Dr. Caldona regularly urges his students to discuss science beyond academic circles. Roy and Rigel credit their confidence on the global stage to a research culture that values not just lab skills, but also storytelling, collaboration, and purpose-driven science.

The Caldona Research Group (CRG) participated in the 2025 CoatingsTech Conference, themed “Coatings and Technologies for a Resilient Future.” PhD students Mark Rigel Ali, Marcel Roy Domalanta, and Jan Vincent “Madie” Madayag received travel awards and presented research posters. Roy was recognized with 2nd Best Poster Presentation.

CRG Principal Investigator Dr. Eugene Caldona delivered a technical talk on Hybrid Fluoropolymer Coatings with Improved Adhesion during the “Durability” session, highlighting innovations in high-performance coating systems.

At the 2025 NDSU Soybean Symposium, themed “Accelerating Soybean Innovation through Cross-Disciplinary Research and Collaboration,” CRG proudly contributed to the exchange of cutting-edge ideas. PhD student Marcel Roy Domalanta presented a poster highlighting the group’s progress on sustainable coatings derived from soybean by-products. Dr. Eugene Caldona delivered an oral talk on the development of high-performance semi-fluorinated fluoropolymer coatings enhanced with soybean extracts—an exciting blend of green chemistry and advanced materials.

The event brought together experts in agronomy, breeding, and materials science to foster new collaborations. CRG’s participation reflects its commitment to sustainability and innovation in polymer research.

Dr. Reymark “Maki” Maalihan, a post-doc from the CRG, has published his second review paper, “Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Uncovering New Frontiers in Coating and Corrosion Studies,” in the highly anticipated 2025 Special Issue of Analytical Chemistry titled Fundamental and Applied Reviews in Analytical Chemistry.

This annual issue highlights major breakthroughs in measurement science from the past 2–5 years and serves as a go-to resource for researchers, educators, and newcomers in the field. Doc Maki’s contribution offers a deep dive into how Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy is reshaping corrosion and coatings research by revealing surface potential variations at the nanoscale. Read more

Being included in this prestigious issue is a major milestone for CRG and a testament to Doc Maki’s growing impact in corrosion science. Congratulations, Doc Maki, on this exceptional achievement!

Starting 2025 strong, PhD student Marcel Roy Domalanta has published a review paper in Progress in Organic Coatings (Impact Factor: 6.5), titled “Accelerated corrosion assessment through the AC/DC/AC electrochemical method.”

The paper highlights how the AC/DC/AC electrochemical method can speed up coating degradation tests, offering faster and more accurate insights into corrosion protection performance. By using cathodic polarization, this technique helps predict a coating’s effective lifespan, detect early failure mechanisms, and improve material selection for harsh environments. Read more

Roy’s work emphasizes the method’s potential as a standard tool for evaluating coatings, especially as industries seek quicker and more reliable ways to ensure corrosion resistance.

Breaking records at the Caldona Research Group (CRG), Jan Vincent “Madie” Madayag has published his first research paper only 165 days after joining the team — the fastest so far. His paper, “Valorization of extractible soybean by-products for polymer composite and industrial applications,” appears in the prestigious Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (Impact Factor: 7.4).

The study highlights soybeans’ potential beyond food, showing how soybean by-products can be transformed into valuable materials for coatings, corrosion protection, adhesives, and bioplastics. Madayag explores green extraction methods like enzymatic and microwave processes and uses computational tools to understand molecular structures and crop performance. Read more

This milestone not only marks Madayag’s publishing debut but also underscores CRG’s dedication to sustainable material innovation. Congratulations to Madie for this incredible achievement!

Dr. Reymark (Maki) Maalihan, a post-doctoral fellow with the CRG, has published his first review paper in Wiley Polymer Composites (Impact Factor: 4.8). The paper, titled “Advancements in Surface Functionalization of Fillers for Polymer Composite Coatings,” focuses on strategies for enhancing the performance of polymer coatings through advanced surface engineering of fillers.

The review discusses how bio-sourced fillers such as nanocellulose, along with 2D materials like graphene oxide, MXenes, and layered double hydroxides, can improve chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. It also highlights the role of computational modeling in optimizing filler-matrix interactions, enabling better adhesion and multifunctional properties. The paper concludes with an outlook on future challenges and opportunities in developing next-generation polymer coatings with integrated protective features.

Dr. Eugene Caldona, principal investigator of the CRG, recently delivered a presentation at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Seminar at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. His talk, titled “High-Performance Protective and Adhesive Semi-Fluorinated Fluoropolymer Coatings,” focused on enhancing surface adhesion and corrosion resistance in fluoropolymer coatings.

The presentation highlighted key strategies to improve adhesion and protection performance, addressing one of the primary challenges in fluoropolymer applications—their inherently low surface energy leading to poor substrate adherence. Dr. Caldona discussed a variety of solutions, including the use of conducting polymer primers, eco-friendly additives, and ceramic inclusions, to enhance coating performance while retaining the advantages of fluoropolymer properties, such as chemical resistance and thermal stability.

The CRG recently participated in the NDSU-Kagoshima University (KU) Symposium on Biotechnology, Nanomaterials, and Polymers, an event that brought together experts and students from diverse fields. The symposium, which included invited presentations, a poster session, and ample networking opportunities, was a collaborative effort between NDSU and KU. It aimed to foster knowledge exchange in cutting-edge areas of biotechnology, nanomaterials, and polymers. PhD student Roy represented the CRG by delivering a 90-second oral presentation and a poster session on his research involving fluoropolymers, highlighting advancements in polymer science. Additionally, Dr. Eugene Caldona led a dedicated workshop titled “Fluoropolymers,” where he shared his insights into the unique properties and applications of these materials.

In Fall 2024, the CRG reached a historic milestone as Mark Rigel Ali, its very first PhD student, successfully passed his qualifying exam. With this achievement, Ali stands on the brink of becoming the CRG’s inaugural PhD candidate, a significant step forward for both his academic journey and the CRG’s legacy.

The rigorous two-part qualifying process tested Ali’s knowledge, perseverance, and determination. The journey began on August 16 with an intense one-day written examination, a comprehensive test of his expertise and preparedness for advanced research. A week later, he faced the second phase—a paper critique session designed to assess his analytical skills and ability to synthesize research findings. On September 12, Ali’s efforts culminated in the official announcement of his qualification, marking a victorious moment for both him and the CRG.

Reflecting on his achievement, the famous words of Muhammad Ali ring true: “It isn’t the mountains ahead to climb that wear you out; it’s the pebble in your shoe.” Ali’s success exemplifies the importance of overcoming every challenge, big or small, with unwavering focus and dedication.

CRG's PI, Dr. Eugene Caldona, alongside Dr. Dean Webster, Chair of the CPM Department at NDSU, played a pivotal role in organizing the prestigious Roy W. Tess Symposium in Coatings at the ACS Fall 2024 conference in Denver. The symposium was organized to honor Dr. Wenjun Wu of Arkema Coating Resins, the recipient of the Roy W. Tess Award, which celebrates outstanding achievements and contributions to coatings science, technology, and engineering. Dr. Caldona also presented on enhancing the surface adhesion of fluoropolymer coatings and delivered two additional talks on 3D-printed membranes and fluoropolymer coatings for corrosion protection, further showcasing his expertise in the field and the research ventures of the Caldona Research Group.

Stephanie Mathew, the youngest member of the Caldona Research Group, delivered an impressive presentation at the Summer PICNICS program titled “Are Linear Polarization Resistance and Potentiodynamic Polarization Accurate?” Mentored by Roy, an upcoming PhD sophomore, Stephanie’s work exemplifies the core mission of the North Dakota State University Chemistry and Biochemistry Department’s PICNICS program. The PICNICS (Parents Involvement with Children, Nurturing Intellectual Curiosity in Science) Summer Program is designed to immerse high school students in chemical science research. By engaging both parents and children in scientific exploration, the program fosters interest in science and mathematics, encouraging students to consider careers in these fields.

Stephanie Mathew, a high school student from Oak Grove Lutheran, is joining the Caldona Research Group this summer through the NDSU Chemistry and Biochemistry Department's PICNICS (Parents Involvement with Children, Nurturing Intellectual Curiosity in Science) Summer Program. Designed to expose high school students to chemical science research and ignite their interest in science and math, the PICNICS program integrates parents and children in scientific exploration, encouraging students from 9th to 12th grade to consider science careers. Stephanie's participation underscores the program's dedication to nurturing young scientific minds and fostering future innovators. More about our group members.

CRG's PhD student, Roy has his first review paper published in Taylor & Francis Polymer Reviews, boasting an impact factor of 13.1. The paper, titled "Toward Enhancing the Surface Adhesion of Fluoropolymer-Based Coating Materials," explores the challenges and advancements in improving the adhesion of fluoropolymer coatings. The review delves into various strategies to enhance adhesion, including physical and chemical modifications, innovative green solutions, and computational approaches. By examining additives, surface roughness, and polymer-substrate interface modifications, the paper aims to offer comprehensive insights into achieving stronger fluoropolymer adhesion. The review also emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and the potential of computational methods in understanding adhesion mechanisms. Read more

Dr. Eugene Caldona (CRG Principal Investigator) and Dr. Xiaoning Qi conducted an intensive short course on Coatings and Corrosion Prevention at PPG Aerospace in Burbank, CA. The course aimed to provide professionals with advanced knowledge and practical skills in the latest coatings technologies and corrosion prevention strategies. Participants gained insights into the fundamental principles of coating materials, application techniques, and the latest advancements in corrosion-resistant technologies. This course highlighted the importance of continuous education and innovation in maintaining the durability and efficiency of aerospace materials. About Dr. Qi's Group

Rigel has just published his fourth paper in CRG titled "Superhydrophobic, Highly Adhesive, and Corrosion-Protective Fluoropolymer-Modified Polythiophene Coatings," in ACS I&EC Research (Industrial & Engineering Chemistry) with an impact factor of 4.2. This work introduces a novel approach to enhance the adhesion, surface stability, antiwettability, and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited PTH coatings. By incorporating a PVDF-HFP topcoat and a thienyl-substituted silane coupling agent, we've developed a coating that offers superior water repellency and adhesion, meeting the demand for robust protective solutions in challenging environments. This innovation holds promise for advancing sustainability and efficiency across industries such as construction, automotive, aerospace, and marine. Read more.

At the recent CPM Seminar, CRG PhD students Roy and Sakiru showcased their pioneer year-long research endeavors. Roy delved into the innovative use of soybean extract as a green additive to fluoropolymer coatings, enhancing surface adhesion and corrosion protection. Meanwhile, Sakiru presented on ceramic-reinforced fluoropolymer nanocomposite coatings, focusing on their efficacy in corrosion protection. Their insightful presentations highlighted sustainable and advanced approaches to developing protective coatings, reflecting CRG's commitment to coating the future through productive and purposeful research.

In a collaborative move marking the second phase of funding, Dr. Caldona, with assistance from PhD Student, Roy has secured critical support from the North Dakota Soybean Council (NDSC) for advancing innovative applications of soybeans in the coating industry. Building on the resounding success of the initial phase started in 2023, this succeeding phase collaboration between academia and agriculture signifies a significant milestone in driving sustainable solutions forward. Dr. Caldona's visionary project aims to harness the inherent potential of soybeans to meet the escalating demand for eco-friendly coatings, further highlighting the pivotal role of agriculture in addressing pressing environmental challenges. This strategic continuing partnership not only promises economic prosperity for soybean farmers but also propels the journey towards a greener, more resilient future.

The Caldona Research Group recently made their first major conference appearance at the ACS Spring 2024 conference in New Orleans, Louisiana, showcasing their hard-worked research under this Spring's theme 'Many Flavors of Chemistry.' With a lineup of six poster presentations and three oral presentations, the group captivated audiences with their innovative work. Notably, one of their poster presentations earned the prestigious honor of being selected for the Sci-Mix Interdivisional Poster Session, highlighting the group's excellence in the field. Their focus on fluoropolymer coatings, electrochemical approaches, and composite coatings highlights the group's commitment to advancing the boundaries of materials science. The Caldona Research Group's participation at ACS Spring 2024 showcases their dedication to pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery and innovation in chemistry. 

Mark Rigel Ali, alongside CRG members Szeemaine Tigno and Jackson Honeyman, has achieved a significant milestone with the publication of his first-author paper in ACS Applied Polymer Materials (Impact factor: 5.1). Their exciting study delves into the development of dual-coating systems aimed at enhancing corrosion resistance for stainless steel. Through meticulous experimentation and analysis, they have uncovered crucial insights into the electrochemical behavior and adhesion properties of these coatings. Rigel's research not only fills a critical gap in our understanding of coating science but also lays the foundation for future innovations in corrosion protection. This achievement highlights the importance of collaborative research efforts in driving scientific progress and addressing real-world challenges. See more

PhD student of the group, Mark Rigel Ali, presented his talk entitled "Electroconductive polymer-primed fluoropolymer coatings for corrosion protection". His work investigated the effectiveness of a dual-layer coating system comprised of an electrodeposited conductive polymer undercoat and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) topcoat, mainly for corrosion protection applications. 

Jackson's work introduces polythiophene coatings for eco-friendly corrosion protection and efficient oil removal. These coatings, applied via electrodeposition, inhibit oxidation reactions on metal surfaces while selectively absorbing oil on porous substrates, offering a sustainable solution to environmental challenges. See more

In June to July 2023, Dr. Caldona participated in the Philippines' Balik Scientist Program, a key initiative of the Department of Science and Technology Metals Industry Research and Development Center. He shared his extensive expertise in material science and polymer chemistry, contributing significantly to the field and inspiring future scientific endeavors.

Organized by the American Coatings Association, in Cleveland, OH, Dr. Caldona's expertise in the field provided the attendees valuable insights into developing and applying cutting-edge, corrosion-resistant coatings. The course was designed to benefit professionals and researchers in the coatings industry, offering a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical applications, and aims to foster innovation and enhance the quality of corrosion protection in various industries.

Sakiru Adeleke has recently joined the Caldona Research Group at North Dakota State University as a Ph.D. candidate in Coatings and Polymeric Materials. With a solid foundation in Materials Science and Engineering from Obafemi Awolowo University and International Islamic University Malaysia, Sakiru brings a wealth of knowledge to the team. His diverse interests, ranging from mixed martial arts to fine dining, add a unique perspective to the group. Sakiru's expertise and multifaceted background are expected to contribute significantly to the group's research in advanced coatings and polymer science.

At the 265th American Chemical Society National Meeting in Indianapolis, March 2023, Dr. Caldona received acclaim for his outstanding presentation in the Stephen Clarson Memorial Symposium. His talk,  delved into fluoropolymers' innovative applications in oil/water separation and anti-icing. This recognition highlights Dr. Caldona's significant contribution to the field of material science and his exciting research in developing advanced, practical solutions for environmental challenges.

Spring 2023 marks a significant milestone for the Caldona Research Group (CRG), as it welcomes its pioneering Ph.D. students, Mark Rigel Ali and Szeemaine Tigno. Rigel, with a B.S. and M.S. in Chemical Engineering from Saint Louis University and the University of the Philippines Diliman respectively, is poised to make significant contributions in the field of coatings and polymeric materials. Szeemaine, also a graduate in Chemical Engineering from the same institutions, joins him with a fresh perspective and a strong academic foundation. Their joint venture into advanced research signifies the growth and diversification of the CRG, setting a promising trajectory for future discoveries and innovations in material science.