Prepare and turn in your final paper: "Hearsay and the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause." The requirements and scoring rubric for this paper are as follows:

1. APA format, (15 points) including:
   1. proper citations within the text
   2. 10 to 15 pages in length, excluding the title and references pages
   3. A title page with given title for your chosen research project
   4. An abstract page, briefly stating your research topic, major conclusions, and possible implications of your research, 75 and 150 words.
2. A main body (120 points), divided with appropriate subheadings, including at least the following:
   1. An introductory paragraph (40 points), discussing:
      1. The Sixth Amendment basis for the right to confront witnesses
      2. A quotation of the Sixth Amendment, properly cited
      3. The topic of the paper, i.e., the relationship between hearsay evidence and confrontation
   2. A subheading and discussion for Crawford v. Washington (2004), (40 points) with illustrative quotations from the opinion, inluding:
      1. facts and procedural history of Crawford
      2. the prevailing test for admitting hearsay testimony under the right to confrontation before Crawford, i.e., in Ohio v. Roberts (1980)
      3. why Ohio v. Roberts was discarded as insufficient to protect the right to confrontation
      4. the US Supreme Court's partial definition of "testimonial" hearsay evidence, and examples given in Crawford
      5. the necessity, in Crawford, of an opportunity to cross-examine a "witness" who gives "testimony," but is unavailable at trial
      6. the US Supreme Court's conclusion about whether the evidence violated Crawford's right to confrontation
      7. the US Supreme Court's final disposition of the case (conviction reversed or affirmed, remanded for further proceedings, etc.)
      8. all properly cited within the text
   3. A subheading and ordered discussion of Supreme Court cases following Crawford, (40 points) with one or more illustrative quotations from the opinions, inluding:
      1. facts and procedural histories of Davis v. Washington, 547 U.S. 813 (2006), Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305 (2009), and Michigan v. Bryant, 131 S.Ct. 1143 (2011)
      2. the US Supreme Court's application of Crawford's principles to determine whether the challenged evidence was "testimonial" or "non-testimonial" with illustrative quotations
      3. the US Supreme Court's conclusion about whether the evidence in each violated the right to confrontation
      4. the US Supreme Court's final disposition of the case (conviction reversed or affirmed, remanded for further proceedings, etc.)
      5. all properly cited within the text
3. A subheading and conclusion, of one or more paragraphs (15 points), including:
   1. Re-stating the constitutional protection of the confrontation clause in relation to testimonial hearsay evidence
   2. Summarizing Crawford's change to the prior interpretation of the confrontation clause in Ohio v. Roberts (1980)
   3. Summaring the application of Crawford's principles in the other leading Supreme Court cases
   4. Your positive or negative legal, moral, or policy reactions and views on the topical material, re-stating evidence supporting your position