Chapter 8: Ensuring Accessibility

Video Summary

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an educational approach that creates flexible and inclusive learning environments to accommodate diverse learners. UDL has three key areas:

1. Multiple Means of Representation: Present information in various ways, such as words, images, audio, and hands-on activities.

2. Multiple Means of Action and Expression: Allow students to demonstrate their learning in different ways, such as writing, presenting, drawing, and making videos.

3. Multiple Means of Engagement: Provide students with various ways to actively participate in learning and maintain motivation by offering choices and adapting materials to match their interests.

Blended classes can effectively implement UDL by incorporating multiple modes of representation, action and expression, and engagement in both online and in-person components.  By applying UDL principles, educators can create inclusive and accessible learning environments that provide equal opportunities for all students to succeed, regardless of their diverse needs and abilities.

Video Summary

Neurodiversity refers to the natural variations in how people's brains work, including differences such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and more.  Embracing neurodiversity means accepting and respecting differences, and creating classrooms where different ways of processing information are valued and supported.

1. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by sensory sensitivity, repetitive behavior, socialization difficulties, and communication difficulties. People with ASD may have varying levels of intelligence and abilities.

2. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects students' ability to focus, manage attention, and regulate behavior. Students with ADHD may struggle with paying attention, organization, completing tasks, or sitting still.

3. Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and Dyspraxia are neurological differences that can impact students' learning:

   • Dyslexia affects reading, writing, and spelling, but does not reflect intelligence.

   • Dysgraphia causes writing difficulties, both in the physical act of writing and in the brain's communication of what to write.

   • Dyspraxia involves struggles with coordination or movement.