In the movie, undergraduate student Riri Williams creates a vibranium detector in her metallurgy course at MIT. As the US government was actively looking for vibranium deposits to mine the resource, they found value in Riri's project and became interested in utilizing it for their own purpose. Although this technology was created by Riri, she did not file for a patent, meaning MIT owned her device. Without consulting Riri, MIT sold her invention to the U.S. government and they begin using it to detect vibranium in the ocean. Riri did not know about their activity and was unaware of the government's interest in her technology.
The central conflict in the movie revolves around how vibranium is viewed as a property. Vibranium is a fictional metal that derives its power from absorbing and storing large amounts of kinetic energy, and the city of Wakanda was built upon large deposits of this metal. The movie opens at a meeting set at the UN, where all the members have come to discuss Wakanda's reluctance to share vibranium with the rest of the world. Queen Ramonda explains that they cannot trust other countries to use the powerful resource carefully, but the Americans believe Wakanda has the responsibility to share their resources to help the rest of the world develop advanced technology to keep up with Wakanda's progress. Similarly, the Talokans believe the vibranium in the ocean is theirs to utilize and feel threatened when the U.S. Navy begins an expedition to mine their deposits.
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The government utilizing RIri's invention without her permission raises ethical arguments about whether they should have consulted her before using her creation. This relates to students' struggles in modern society, because as of 2023, "MIT owns the intellectual property that results from MIT resources and opportunities"[4]. This is due to the Bayh Dole Act, which allows universities to own patentable inventions from federally funded research[5]. Additionally, the conflict between Wakanda and other world leaders raises the question of whether resources found in a country's borders should be shared and who gets to decide how that resource is used. This relates back to property laws and John Locke's definition of property. According to John Locke, people have the right to resources gathered from nature through their own labor. His definition of property maintains only when people remove something considered a public resource, there is still enough left for others to obtain through their own labor. Looking at vibranium as a form of property through John Locke's lens, as long as there is enough vibranium in Wakanda, it should be shared with other nations.
[1] Seibold, Witney. “Black Panther: Wakanda Forever’s Riri Williams Makes Us Want That Ironheart Series Right Now.” /Film, /Film, 11 Nov. 2022, www.slashfilm.com/1094180/black-panther-wakanda-forevers-riri-williams-makes-us-want-that-ironheart-series-right-now/.
[2] Eclarinal, Aeron Mer. “Why Marvel Mentioned Black Panther’s Vibranium in New Eternals Trailer.” The Direct, The Direct, 19 Aug. 2021, thedirect.com/article/black-panther-vibranium-marvel-eternals-trailer.
[3] University, Loyola Marymount. “Intellectual Property Law.” Intellectual Property Law - Loyola Marymount University, 2023, www.lls.edu/academics/concentrationsspecializations/jdconcentrationscoursesofstudy/intellectualpropertylaw/.
[4] “13.1 Intellectual Property.” Policies, 2023, policies.mit.edu/policies-procedures/130-information-policies/131-intellectual-property.
[5] “Bayh-Dole Act: Regulations Impacting Ownership of Patent Rights.” Research, 2023, research.wisc.edu/bayhdole/.