Figure 1: Chipmunk in its traditional environment, the forest.
Retrieved From: https://ftp.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life/mammalia/rode
A small piece of additional (and useful) information! When "spp." is used in binomial nomenclature it means that you are looking at all of the species in a particular genus. In addition, "spp." does not get italicized.
Figure 2: An Eastern Chipmunk eating a nut.
Retrieved from: https://animalstime.com/eastern-chipmunk-facts/#google_vignette
The Tamias genus includes any of the 24 species of chipmunks seen throughout North America, with one additional species being present in Northern Asia (Oldham, 2019). All species are traditionally known for their furry, striped tails and their cheek pouches that are used for transporting food (Oldham, 2019). The different species are all omnivores feeding on various seeds, berries, nuts, insects, and more (Oldham, 2019).
For the purpose of the research article, we are going to take a closer look at the Eastern Chipmunk species. They are found in the Eastern United States and the Southeastern parts of Canada, where they are typically seen in forests nesting in underground burrows (Oldham, 2019). They have tiny ears, flat hairy tails, and four paws with claws for climbing and defense (Kroll, 2013). They are polygamous animals with the females having litters in early spring and midsummer (Kroll, 2013). Females choose males to mate with, and can mate with multiple in one season (Kroll, 2013).
Figure 3: Chipmunks fighting; their claws are visible in the picture.
Retrieved from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3629504/Claw-order-Fighting-chipmunks-separated-SPARROWS-protecting-nest.html
Taxonomy
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Tamias
Species: Striatus
Binomial Nomenclature: Tamias striatus
From May 1977 until May 1979 scientists studied the demographic patterns of Eastern Chipmunks through live capturing and food supplementation (Gregory, et. al., 1988). They took data on population size, emigration, lactation rates, survival through the winter, and more (Gregory, et. al., 1988). They essentially were trying to see if food supply had an effect on the survival and vitality of this species in different groupings, such as the difference the supplementation had between males and females (Gregory, et. al., 1988).
Figure 4: Chipmunks being fed by humans.
Rerieved from: https://www.freeimages.com/photo/chipmunk-feeding-1-1570955
Figure 5: Graph retrieved from primary research article.
As you can see from the graph, and as the scientists concluded, the added corn did not make much of an impact on the male species of any group (Gregory, et. al., 1988). However, the females seemed to thrive in areas with supplementation (Gregory, et. al., 1988). This suggests that the size of the food source available to the female has an effect on their survival (Gregory, et. al., 1988). They discovered that males tend to emigrate more than females and they believe this is why the females rely more heavily on a specific area's food source (Gregory, et. al., 1988).
This is important because it can help explain a possible reason why an imbalance in the population between male and female Eastern Chipmunks is occurring, and it can help us humans determine how to fix it. It also helps reenforce the fact that females choose male mates and tend to have litters in their burrows, meaning they live a more sedimentary lifestyle and cannot move about to new food sources as easily (Kroll, 2013).
**The results of this experiment may hold true for other species of Chipmunks as well but, considering that only Eastern Chipmunks were tested it can neither be confirmed or denied.**
Works Cited
Kroll, M. (2013). Tamias striatus (eastern chipmunk). Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved September 10 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tamias_striatus/
Oldham, C. (2019, November 2). Chipmunk - Description, Habitat, Image, Diet, and Interesting Facts. Animals Network. Retrieved September 10,2023 at https://animals.net/chipmunk
Gregory, Michael J., Lacki, Michael J., and Williams, P. Kelly. 1988. "Demographic changes of the Eastern Chipmunk, Tamias striatus, with supplemental food." The Canadian field-naturalist 102(4), 661–665.