Challenge

•  Fragmented layout increased cognitive load, making it harder for learners to process and retain information.

• The multi-slide design lacked cohesive information architecture, preventing learners from understanding how related content connected.

• Static presentation offered no opportunities for active learning or interaction, limiting engagement and deeper processing.

• Minimal visual hierarchy reduced clarity, making key ideas less accessible.

• The format did not support integrated understanding, weakening learners’ ability to form meaningful connections between the two pieces of information.

Learning Theories and Models

• Constructivism

• User Experience (UX) Design Principles

• ARCS Motivational Design Model

• Mayer’s 12 Principles of Multimedia Learning

• Cognitive Load Theory