e/m Ratio

Prelab

1.

2.

3.

Plot V vs D², then the slope will contain e/m.

Uncertainties

There are two ways to calculate the uncertainty of B:

1. From definition of uncertainty

This is a hard way, and the next calculation method is suggested, see next paragraph.

For B = k I,

.

Since

,

then

,

then 𝛿B can be determined.

2. From the simplified equation for uncertainty (suggested)

Based on the "Error Propagation Analysis" document in the reference materials, use Eq. (0.3) and Eq. (0.4) for the multiplication and division of power-1 variables (i.e., not x², z³, tⁿ, where n ≠ 1, etc.),