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"AI has applications in nearly every way we use computers in society" (Smith et al, Washington University).
WHAT IS AI?
WHAT IS AI?
At its core, Artificial Intelligence refers to systems or machines that perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding language.
Two Major Categories of AI:
Two Major Categories of AI:
Narrow AI (Weak AI): Designed to perform specific tasks, such as facial recognition, spam filtering, or virtual assistance (e.g., Siri, Alexa).
General AI (Strong AI): A theoretical form of AI that would possess human-like consciousness and cognitive abilities such as reasoning, self-awareness, and adaptability across any task.
ASK YOURSELF: ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS BEFORE CONTINUING
If an AI can write essays or solve math problems, does that mean it thinks like a human?
What would generative AI like ChatGPT be: narrow or general AI?
AI TIMELINE:
AI TIMELINE:
SCROLL THROUGH THE TIMELINE
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AI HISTORY
AI HISTORY
Alan Turing was a prominent 1950s mathematician, computer scientist, and thinker who laid the groundwork for AI with his query, "humans use available information as well as reason in order to solve problems and make decisions, so why can’t machines do the same thing?" (Anyoha, Harvard University). Alan Turing also invented the famous "Turing Test" to measure computer intelligence.
The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 at Dartmouth College during the world's first AI academic conference. From 1950 - 2006, the main advances in AI were in search algorithms, machine learning, and statistical analysis for understanding the world. At this time, AI was used in more subtle ways, such as grocery purchase histories and influencing marketing decisions.
HOW DOES AI WORK?
HOW DOES AI WORK?
How does AI work?
AI uses algorithms and models to analyze large datasets to identify patterns and make decisions based on that analysis. Applications using AI can sort objects, understand text or speech, and respond accordingly.
How does AI learn?
AI learns from experience by adjusting to new data and improving its performance over time. It automates tasks given its knowledge.
What are datasets?
Datasets are large collections of data that are used to train AI and machine learning models. This allows them to recognise patterns and improve accuracy. For example, a collection of addresses to help a navigation AI better provide directions.
What is Data Science?
Data Science is a field of technology that works to extract information from structured and unstructured data. This field is the foundation for AI algorithms to learn from before making decisions.
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Technical Layers of AI
Technical Layers of AI
"AI is a series of nested or derivative concepts...machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI" (Stryker and Kavlakoglu, IBM).
Machine Learning: A subset of AI where computers use statistics to learn from large datasets, identify patterns, and make predictions or decisions without explicit human guidance.
Deep Learning: An advanced form of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers to learn from massive datasets. This enables tasks like Google's image and speech recognition.
Neural Networks: Algorithms that are inspired by the human brain's structure, made up of interconnected nodes (artificial neurons) to process information and recognize complex patterns in data (Stryker and Kavlakoglu, IBM).
Generative AI: A technology that uses large models trained on massive amounts of data to create new content by predicting and generating outputs based on patterns it learns. Ex. ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, and DeepAI.
AI Agents: AI agents are software systems that use AI models to complete tasks autonomously on behalf of people. They can reason, plan, memorize, and take action to perform a task. They use generative AI like ChatGPT and AI models to learn and adapt. AI agents can also work with other agents in collaborative teams and perform more complex tasks.
AGI: Artificial general intelligence. A theoretical form of AI that is capable of understanding, learning, and thinking at or above a human level. Not achieved yet. See The Future for more.
"Narrow AI outperforms humans in specific tasks [Chess bots, ChatGPT] and general AI aims to surpass humans in all cognitive areas" (Conn, Future of Life Institute).
ASI: Artificial superintelligence. A theoretical form of AI that surpasses humans in all endeavors. Not achieved yet. See The Facts for more.
Ask Yourself: Answers
If an AI can write essays or solve math problems, does that mean it thinks like a human?
AI works by using large datasets to answer prompts. It does not think for itself but reciprocates the data it is given.
What would generative AI like ChatGPT be: narrow or general AI?
Generative AI is too complex to be labeled as weak AI, but it is classified as narrow AI. It does not possess human-like thinking abilities and answers prompts based on the internet data it has access to.
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES
Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Home: AI voice assistants.
OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google Gemini: Conversational prompt AI.
OpenAI's DALL-E 3, Artbreeder: AI image prompt-based generator.
Tesla Autopilot: AI-powered driver-assistant system.
Ring Doorbell: AI-powered smart IoT doorbell.
Tidio AI: AI chatbot for customer service with real-time support.
"AI ranges from narrow systems like Siri to autonomous weapons; it performs specific tasks but can potentially evolve toward general intelligence" (Conn, Future of Life Institute).
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