Arrl Antenna Book 24th Edition Pdf Free Download

The ARRL Antenna Book for Radio Communications is a single resource covering antenna theory, design and construction, and practical treatments and projects. This book contains everything you need to understand how radio signals propagate, how antennas work, and how to construct your own antenna system. Use The ARRL Antenna Book to build hundreds of antenna designs: dipoles, verticals, loops, beams, and more.

The package of angle-of-arrival files created by Dean Straw, N6BV, in support of HFTA terrain analysis may have been partially installed or omitted entirely. The entire package, including antenna models, is available as a downloadable zip file at the following link:

DOWNLOAD 🔥 https://geags.com/2y3CiH 🔥

This table by Steve Stearns, K6OIK, from the Antenna Modeling chapter (Chap 5) of the Antenna Book's 25th edition lists a number of antenna modeling programs based on the NEC2 computing engine along with electromagnetic solver/modeling/simulation programs. The professional programs may have student or non-commercial versions available at lost cost. The modeling programs are generally low-cost and some are free. Reviews of the software may be available on websites such as eham.net.

Dave Patton, NN1N, notes that to avoid scratching the paint under a mag-mount antenna, cut Tyvek (thin, tough plastic film) circles that are the same diameter of the magnets. Place the film under the magnet and the mount will still stay firmly attached without affecting the electrical characteristics. (The same goes for HF mobile mag-mount antennas.)

Today, we proudly serve nearly 160,000 members, both in the US and internationally, through our national headquarters and flagship amateur radio station, W1AW, in Newington, Connecticut. Every year we welcome thousands of new licensees to our membership, and we hope you will join us. Let us be a part of your amateur radio journey. Visit arrl.org/join for more information.

This case arises out of the refusal of the City of Columbia Zoning Board of Adjustment (ZBA or Board) to grant plaintiff a special exception to zoning ordinance provisions which prohibit the installation of antennas measuring over 17 feet. The matter is currently before the court upon plaintiff's motion for summary judgment. Jurisdiction of the court is premised upon 28 U.S.C. 1343.

Plaintiff is an amateur radio operator who seeks to install an antenna system for his amateur radio station.[1] In November 1987 plaintiff began preparations for the erection of his antenna system, consisting of a commercially manufactured retractable steel antenna tower surmounted by an aluminum antenna. Although the antenna measures only 23 feet in its retracted position, fully extended it measures 55 to 65 feet. The municipal ordinance at issue, however, prohibits the installation or placement of antennas exceeding 17 feet absent a special exception.[2] Consequently, plaintiff requested a special exception from the ZBA, and was unanimously turned down.

Failing to obtain a special exception from the ZBA, plaintiff has filed the present suit seeking to invalidate zoning regulations that preclude installation of his antenna tower. First, invoking 42 U.S.C. 1983, plaintiff asserts in Count I of the complaint that the actions of the defendants in denying his request for a special exception violate the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution (Constitution). Count II alleges that 6-3099 of the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Columbia (Ordinance), which prohibits antennas over 17 feet without special exception, is preempted by a declaratory ruling published by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) on September 25, 1985. Plaintiff declares in Count III that the height restriction of 6-3099 creates an unconstitutional burden on radio communication and interstate commerce in violation of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. Count IV asserts that the ZBA's denial of plaintiff's request for a special exception violates his rights of free speech, assembly and association under the First Amendment. In the next Count of the complaint, which is also labelled as Count IV, plaintiff alleges that certain provisions of the ordinance violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiff has also alleged, in separate counts, that the applicable provisions of the Ordinance are vague and overbroad and that 6-3099 is unreasonable, arbitrary, discriminatory, oppressive, and confiscatory and thus constitutes an arbitrary interference with substantial property rights. Finally, plaintiff claims entitlement to attorneys fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1988.

Defendants concede that issuance of FCC regulations has effected a limited preemption of local zoning laws, but argue nevertheless that the subject zoning provisions reflect the proper balancing of federal, state, and local interests. Also, defendants note that plaintiff failed to offer any testimony at the ZBA hearing regarding the need for an antenna exceeding 17 feet in height. Defendants seek to distinguish cases which have allowed installation of similar antennas in the face of conflicting zoning regulations by arguing that plaintiff, at the ZBA hearing held to consider his request, (1) failed to state he was relying upon FCC regulations to support his request, (2) did not establish the need for an antenna exceeding 17 feet through expert testimony, and (3) did not claim he was precluded or even limited from amateur radio communications as a result of the height restrictions. Rather, in support of his request for a special exception, defendants assert plaintiff merely stated that he had finished building his garage and thus knew where he wanted to place the antenna. Defendants therefore contend that the Board was forced to balance this alleged weak showing of need by plaintiff against important local considerations such as public health, safety, and welfare, as well as neighborhood aesthetics. Accordingly, defendants assert that the Board did not arbitrarily or capriciously deny plaintiff's request for a special exception.

Id. para. 24. Nevertheless, the Commission stopped far short of specifying an arbitrary minimum permissible antenna height, opting instead to set forth a flexible standard of review for local ordinances that restrict placement, screening, or height of antennas. Recognizing the legitimate interests of local governments in protecting the health, safety, and welfare of their residents, the Commission stated:

Id. para. 25. Thus, the reasonable accommodation standard requires that local zoning ordinances represent the minimum practicable regulation of the placement, screening, or height of antennas necessary to accomplish these legitimate local interests.

Several courts have recognized the preemptive effect of PRB-1 since it was issued by the FCC in September 1985. In Thernes v. City of Lakeside Park, 779 F.2d 1187 (6th Cir. 1986) (per curiam), the court vacated the district court ruling that had upheld a zoning ordinance which prohibited installation of amateur radio antenna towers, remanding the case for reconsideration in light of the issuance of PRB-1. Unlike the present ordinance, however, the ordinance in Thernes flatly prohibited amateur radio antenna towers. Consequently, it is not clear that Thernes provides any guidance in determining whether the subject provisions pass muster under the reasonable accommodation standard.

In addition to Thernes, two district court decisions have relied upon PRB-1 to restrict or invalidate zoning limitations on antenna height. In both cases, however, the court closely examined zoning board records to determine whether the boards had properly considered federal interests in their decision to deny the amateur radio operator a permit or license to erect an antenna tower. In Bulchis v. City of Edmonds, 671 F. Supp. 1270 (W.D.Wash.1987), the court invalidated the process used by defendant to deny an amateur radio operator's request for a conditional use permit to install a 70 foot retractable antenna tower. Under the ordinance at issue there, a conditional use permit was required for an antenna or tower projecting more than 25 feet above the ground. Id. at 1272. After carefully examining the transcripts of the hearings before the relevant local administrative bodies, the court determined that the process utilized to determine whether a conditional use permit should be issued did not provide for the reasonable accommodation of amateur radio communication, and hence was invalid as applied to the plaintiff. Id. at 1274. Similarly, PRB-1 was deemed to preempt the right of a local zoning board to arbitrarily fix an antenna height limitation in Bodony v. Incorporated Village of Sands Point, 681 F. Supp. 1009 (E.D.N.Y.1987). There, the defendant issued a summons charging an amateur radio operator with violation of a village ordinance for attempting to install an antenna system which was 23 feet in its retracted position and 86 feet in its extended position. Commenting on the effect of PRB-1, the court stated:

Unlike Bulchis and Bodony, however, the present record does not contain any transcript of the proceeding before the ZBA. Rather, the minutes of the hearing *211 reveal that neither party to this suit was apparently aware of PRB-1. As a result, the board did not technically tailor its analysis along the lines suggested in PRB-1. 1. On the other hand, plaintiff gave no justification for an antenna in excess of 17 feet (the limit by ordinance absent a special exception) other than that he had finished building his garage and now knew where he wanted to place the antenna. Consequently, although the Board may have been perfectly justified, based upon the record before it, in denying plaintiff's request for a special exception, it was also at fault for failing to perform, on its own initiative, the reasonable accommodation analysis required by PRB-1. Because PRB-1 preempts local zoning ordinances (and decisions based upon such provisions) that fail to consider the federal interest in maintaining a strong pool of amateur radio operators capable of assisting in national and local emergencies, the procedure used to deny plaintiff's request for a special exception to the 17 feet height limitation found in 6-3099 cannot stand. 2351a5e196