AQUALITY
Water Quality and Water Treatment in Zoos and Aquariums
SYMPOSIA
Aquality I: The 1st International Symposium on Water Quality and Water Treatment in Zoos and Aquariums was held at the Oceanário de Lisboa, Portugal in 2004. Following its resounding success a second meeting, Aquality II, was held at the Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas in 2014. Over 500 participants from more than 30 countries attended the two meetings.
A list of the presentations from each of the meetings has been summarized below. A copy of the presentations given at the 1st Symposium can be downloaded here: Aquality I: Archive and presentations from the 2nd Symposium can be viewed at the Animal Professional website here: Aquality II: Archive.
Each of the presenters submitted manuscripts to the organizers of the Aquality initiative. These manuscripts are being peer reviewed and published as a hard-bound manual: The Aquality Manual: Water Quality and Water Treatment in Zoos and Aquariums. Over 1,000 copies of the manual will be made available free of charge to Zoos and Aquariums globally. In addition, downloadable PDFs of each chapter will be made available free-of-charge here.
AQUALITY 1: Lisbon, Portual, 2004
SYMPOSIUM AGENDA
Water Chemistry, Sources & Management
1 Seawater and Its Constituents,
2 Natural Seawater Sources & Pre-treatment,
3 Artificial Seawater Manufacturing & Trace Element Supplementation
4 Heavy Metals and Other Toxins,
5 Critical Water Parameters and Their Measurement
6 ATP-metry: a Tool in Water Quality Management
7 Development and Application of a Method to Detect and Quantify Praziquantel in Seawater,
8 Water Quality Monitoring Protocol and Record Keeping Techniques
9 Effluent Treatment and Legislation
10 Water Quality Data and Trends Processing in a Manatee Facility
11 Logic Control for Life Support Systems
12 Design Considerations for Water Recovery Systems
Physical and Physio-Chemical Processes
13 Protective Coatings & Linings for Zoos & Aquariums
14 Basic Hydraulics
15 Pumping Equipment
16 Water Movement Modes and Their Potential Effects on Biology, Exhibitry and Water Treatment
17 Reverse Osmosis & Ion Exchange
18 Sand Filtration in Public Aquaria
19 Use of Foam Fractionation for Improving Water Quality in Marine Aquarium Waters
20 Importance of and Design Considerations for Aeration and Gas Exchange
21 Heat Exchangers and Temperature Control
22 Activated Carbon
23 Acid Leaching & Concrete Pretreatment
Chemical Processes
24 Ozone Generation, Transport and Destruct
25 Safe and Effective Application of Ozone Via Applied Dose, Redox Potential and Husbandry Techniques
26 Use of Ozone for Improvement of Water Quality in Aquaria
27 Foam Fractionation Versus Ozone Contacting: Impacts on Water Quality
28 Use of Ultraviolet Light for Disinfection of Aquaria Waters
29 Photobiological Effects of Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet (UV) Lamps
30 Calcium Consumption and Supplementation in Seawater Exhibits
31 Algae Control
32 Use of Chlorine in Aquaria
Biological Processes
33 Biological Cycles
34 Nitrifying Bacteria
35 Types of Biofilters: Advantages and Disadvantages
36 Continuous Flow Heterotrophic Denitrification Systems in Closed Saltwater Aquaria
37 Autotrophic De-nitrification: Theory and Application in Marine Aquaria
38 Refugia and the Natural Approach to Water Quality Management: Part 1, System Review and Plant Filters
39 Refugia and the Natural Approach to Water Quality Management: Part 2, Sediments and Live Food Production
40 Comparison of Bacterial Populations Associated With Water of Different Aquaria, Intestinal Flora of Fish and Feeding
41 Algae in an Outdoor Seawater Exhibit: Nuisance or Benefit?
42 History and Evolution of Biological Filtration in Aquaria in Europe
Life Support System Design Considerations
43 Life Support Design Considerations for Marine Fishes: Duplicating Natural Water Quality Parameters
44 Life Support Design Considerations for Marine Mammals: Duplicating Natural Water Quality Parameters
45 Life Support Design Considerations for Live Corals: Duplicating Natural Water Quality Parameters
46 Life Support Design Considerations for Amazon Species: Duplicating Natural Water Quality Parameters
AQUALITY 2: Paradise Island, Bahamas, 2014
SYMPOSIUM AGENDA
Supply and Pre-Treatment
1 Artificial Seawater Manufacture
2 Reverse Osmosis
3 Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, Nanofiltration
Chemical and UV
4 Ion Exchange in Aquatic LSS
5 Activated Carbon
6 Use of Ultra Violet Processing in Aquatic Life Support Systems
7 MPUV
Fractionation and Ozone
8 Foam Fractionation
9 Ozone in Aquaria: Safe Installation and Application - The SEA LIFE Way
10 Energy and Maintenance Cost Savings via Air-Fed Ozone Generation
11 Energy Savings and Noise Reduction in LS Systems Based on Flow Control
12 Safe and Effective Application of Ozone in Aquatic Life Support Systems
Mechanical
13 Activated Glass Filter Media
14 Bead Filtration
15 Drum Filtration in Aquatic Life Support Systems
16 Reduction of Nitrogen Supersaturation in an Open System at Sea World Durban
Biological
17 Pre-nitrification via Temporary Processing Loop: Reduce Exhibit Construction Time
18 Nitrification in Marine Aquaria
19 Aquaponics
20 Open and Semi-Open Aquatic Life Support Systems
Marine Mammals and Friends
21 Cephalopod LSS Requirements
22 Speciation and Pathways of Oxidants Resulting From Ozone or Chlorine Application in Seawater
23 Management of Chloramines in Marine Mammal Pools
24 Maintaining Water Quality in a Marine Mammal Pool Without Chlorine Injection
25 Control and Removal of Perchlorate Ion Generated by Chlorine use in Marine Mammal Pool Waters
Nutrients
26 Maintaining Water Quality at Urban Aquaria
27 Biogeochemical Cycles, Imports and Exports of Heavy Metals and Nutrients in the Seas Main Tank System
28 New method for P removal
29 Methods to Control Phosphate for Algae Management
Denitrification
30 Denitrification in Aquatic LS Systems - Options and Overview
31 Solid Phase Denitrification
32 Nitrate Control at Oceanário de Lisboa Large Aquariums via Heterotrophic Denitrification
33 Autotrophic Denitrification at National Aquarium - 600,00 gallons under 15 mg/L
Corals and Jellies
34 LSS and Exhibit Design for Pelagic Gelatinous Species
35 Water Chemistry Requirements for Live Corals
36 Ecological Filtration for Live Corals
37 LSS Design for Live Corals
38 Water Motion for Live Corals – Options and Advances
Microbiology
39 Diagnostic Approach to Biofilms in Biofilters
40 The Role of the Aquarium Microbiome: Implications for Simulated Environments and Animal Health
41 Coliform Bacteria Monitoring in Large, Mixed Species Marine Fish Exhibits
42 Developing an Environmental Testing Program
Quantification
43 Development and use of Nitrate and Total Ammonia Testing Procedures
44 Effectively Monitoring Praziquantel in Immersion Baths
45 Benefits of Spectral Wavelength Analysis for Aquarium Health
46 Green Chemistry in the Water Quality Laboratory