Debating resources

International Debate Education Association (IDEA)Giving young people a voice through education, debate and by raising their awareness about worldwide issues.

Gender Equality Sources

Gender equality and women's empowermentGender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. There has been progress over the last decades, but the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030. The social and economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic has made the

A Century After Women Gained the Right To Vote, Majority of Americans See Work To Do on Gender EqualityA hundred years after the 19th Amendment was ratified, about half of Americans say granting women the right to vote has been the most important milestone in advancing the position of women in the country.

Gender pay gap in U.S. hasn’t changed much in two decadesIn 2022, women earned an average of 82% of what men earned, according to a new analysis of median hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers.

Women in the Workforce: The Gender Pay Gap Is Greater for Certain Racial and Ethnic Groups and Varies by Education LevelIn recent years, women were underrepresented in management positions and the gender pay gap was greater for certain groups. Published Census Bureau...

Here's Where And Why The Gender Wage Gap Is Closing : 1AWhen it comes to women succeeding in the workforce, there's a lot to talk about.The "She-cession," burnout, and, of course, wages.Despite all of that, there is some progress in the way of gender pay parity. New analysis from Pew Research Center found that the wage gap is closing in 22 metropolitan areas. In fact, in some cities, women are out-earning their male counterparts. What's the state of the gender wage gap? And who is it closing for?Want to support 1A? Give to your local public radio station and subscribe to this podcast. Have questions? Find us on Twitter @1A.

Frequently asked questions about gender equality What is meant by gender?The term gender refers to the economic, social and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female. In most societies, being a man or a woman is not simply a matter of different biological and physical characteristics. Men and w

Gender Equality - Advocacy & Empowerment | Gates FoundationOur Gender Equality Division works to integrate equality across our work and invests in economic empowerment, women's leadership, and removing barriers.

100 years on, politics is where the U.S. lags the most on gender equalityRichard V. Reeves examines how the United States compares to Canada and Mexico in terms of gender equality in politics.

Women and Social Mobility: Six Key FactsInformation on women in social mobility studies is not often found because much of the intergenerational data on social mobility relies on father-son comparisons. Joanna Venator and Richard Reeves highlight six key facts found in a recent Pew Economic Mobility Project report on women's mobility.

The US gender pay gap: Why it hasn't narrowed much in 20 years | CNN BusinessA lot can change in two decades. Or... not.

Racial Inequality (judicial&college systems)

Unequal Opportunity: Race and EducationBrookings Review article by Linda Darling-Hammond (Spring 1998)

Ten Years After “The New Jim Crow” _ The New Yorker.pdf

5 Reasons to Support Affirmative Action in College AdmissionsRace-conscious admissions practices remain necessary in the fight for racial equity in higher education.

Most Americans say colleges should not consider race or ethnicity in admissionsJust 7% of Americans say race should be a major factor in college admissions, while 19% say it should be a minor factor.

What You Need to Know about Affirmative Action at the Supreme Court | ACLUTwo cases before the high court will determine whether race conscious admissions policies can be used by universities.

library.harvard.edu/confronting-anti-black-racism/criminal-justice

US justice system is a perfect instrument of racist ruleOur justice system is not ‘flawed’ and racist judges are not merely ‘bad apples’.

Can Restorative Justice Help Prisoners to Heal?The Insight Prison Project helps incarcerated men learn new emotional skills in order to succeed in and out of prison. But it can also help crime survivors.

Restorative Justice: An Alternative to Long Prison Sentences - Center for Human RightsMass incarceration is increasingly recognized as a major source of both inequality and human rights violations in the United States. The U.S. incarceration rate is now five to ten times higher than those found in comparable countries, and mass incarceration very disproportionately impacts young and poor people, particularly those of color. For example, an estimated

The promise — and problem — of restorative justiceWho is restorative justice restoring?

Restorative justice isn't working, but that's not what the media is reportingLast week, the first randomized control trial study of “restorative justice” in a major urban district, Pittsburgh Public Schools, was published by the RAND Corporation.

The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in State Prisons – The Sentencing ProjectBlack Americans are incarcerated in state prisons across the country at nearly five times the rate of whites.

LibGuides: Mass Incarceration: Understanding Racial DisparitiesLibGuides: Mass Incarceration: Understanding Racial Disparities

Michelle Alexander Is Wrong about Mass Incarceration | National ReviewThe criminal-justice system is not racist, and confining people is necessary.

How is affirmative action used in college admissions?The Supreme Court is again taking up the controversial question of how much race can be considered in college admissions, or whether it should even be considered at all.

Racial and Ethnic PreferencePolicy Brief #9, by Thomas J. Kane and William T. Dickens (November 1996)

Affirmative Action vs. Preferential TreatmentIt is perhaps symptomatic of divisive social issues that the protagonists sharply disagree about terminology. Proponents of the use of race in higher education admissions almost always use and pre…

How Racism in the Courtroom Produces Wrongful Convictions and Mass IncarcerationEvery stage of the criminal justice process following the filing of charges contributes to the mass incarceration of Black people in this country. Racism in the criminal justice system leads to unjust convictions and sentencing.

States consider restorative justice as alternative to mass incarcerationThirty-five states have adopted legislation encouraging the use of restorative justice for children and adults both before and after prison, though many local law enforcement departments have for years relied on local nonprofits to perform the sessions without an official blessing from the state.

What is “Restorative Justice” and How Does it Impact Individuals Involved in Crime?A question that we are often asked at the National Center on Restorative Justice (NCRJ) is “how does restorative justice differ from more mainstream approaches to justice-making in the criminal justice system and beyond?”At its core, restorative justice defines “justice” in a radically different way than conventional criminal justice responses. Rather than justice as “punishment,” restorative justice conceives of justice as “repair” to the harm caused by crime and conflict.

gun Control

Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.orgProponents say the Second Amendment is not an unlimited right to own guns. Opponents say the amendment protects individual gun ownership.

Gun Control Explained (Published 2015)Frequently asked questions about gun policy and public opinion.

Pro and Con: Gun ControlSome say the US should have more gun control laws because the Second Amendment was intended for militias; that gun violence would be reduced; that gun restrictions have always existed; and that a majority of Americans, including gun owners, support new gun restrictions, while others say that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to own guns; that guns are needed for self-defense from threats ranging from local criminals to foreign invaders; and that gun ownership deters crime rather than causes more crime.

In gun debate, both sides have evidence to back them upStricter gun control laws may make mass shootings slightly less common, but other policies may work better to prevent mass shooting deaths.

What Both Sides Don't Get About American Gun CultureAmid the horrors of a mass shooting, it's easy to forget that guns are social glue—and gun control efforts that don't account for that will fail.

Pros and cons of gun control in the United States - The ReflectorPro by Lindsey Wormuth | Distribution Manager Stricter gun control can sometimes seem like a never-ending argument against the Second Amendment and about whether gun laws can really keep people safe. The Second Amendment states that because a well-regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to

Environment

Two-Thirds of Americans Think Government Should Do More on ClimateOver half of Republicans and overwhelming shares of Democrats say they favor a range of initiatives to reduce the impacts of climate change.

Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments - Alternative Energy - ProCon.orgAlternative Energy 100% Renewable Energy Green New Deal Net Zero Carbon Nuclear Energy Fossil Fuels “Clean Coal” Natural Gas Fracking Carbon Pricing 1. Alternative Energy Alternative energy consists of renewable energies (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass), plus nuclear energy. Renewable energy, according to the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), is “often referred to as [...]Read More... from Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments

#8 – Pros and Cons of Low Carbon Energy Types - Powerful ThinkingThis factsheet aims to help you see the pros and cons of using different kinds of temporary power sources at events.

Censorship

www.law.uchicago.edu/news/balancing-free-speech-and-social-media-regulation

The Problem With Censoring Political Speech Online – Including Trump’s | ACLUNo one is required to publish politicians’ speech, but online platforms should be cautious when censoring them.

How Media Censorship in America Affects the News You SeeMedia censorship is not something that only happens in communist countries. Learn how American journalists struggle with it every day.

In the debate on censorship, remember whom the First Amendment restrictsEvery day, millions post on social media platforms (status updates, tweets, photographs, videos) under the assumption that First Amendment protections on freedom of speech apply in the digital realm in the same way they apply to in-person speech. Unfortunately, recent coercive interactions between…

Experts say attacks on free speech are rising across the U.S.First Amendment experts say attacks on free speech rights are escalating across the United States. Joe Cohn with the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression says censorship is proliferating and putting America's culture of individual freedoms at risk.

Most Americans Think Social Media Sites Censor Political ViewpointsRepublicans are far more likely than Democrats to say major tech companies favor the views of liberals over conservatives. At the same time, partisans differ on whether social media companies should flag inaccurate information on their platforms.

Death Penalty

Should the Death Penalty Be Legal? - Death Penalty - ProCon.org[...]Read More... from Should the Death Penalty Be Legal?

10 facts about the death penalty in the U.S.Here’s a closer look at public opinion on the death penalty, as well as key facts about the nation’s use of capital punishment.

The Death Penalty - Your Questions Answered

Death Penalty Information CenterThe Center also produces groundbreaking reports on various issues related to the death penalty such as arbitrariness, costs, innocence, and race.

www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/death-penalty-issues-debate#:~:text=Major%20arguments%20against%20the%20death,and%20preserves%20the%20moral%20order.

Capital punishment - Arguments for and against capital punishmentCapital punishment has long engendered considerable debate about both its morality and its effect on criminal behaviour. Contemporary arguments for and against capital punishment fall under three general headings: moral, utilitarian, and practical. Supporters of the death penalty believe that those who commit murder, because they have taken the life of another, have forfeited their own right to life. Furthermore, they believe, capital punishment is a just form of retribution, expressing and reinforcing the moral indignation not only of the victim’s relatives but of law-abiding citizens in general. By contrast, opponents of capital punishment, following the writings of Cesare Beccaria

Tech and society

Social Relations and Technology: Continuity, Context, and ChangeSocial relations, although basic to human nature, health and well-being, have become increasingly complicated as a result of changing population demography and technology. In this essay, we provide a historical overview of social relations, especially ...

Are Digital Devices Altering Our Brains?Some say our gadgets and computers can help improve intelligence. Others say they make us stupid and violent. Which is it?

How Harmful Is Social Media?There’s a general sense that it’s bad for society—which may be right. But studies offer surprisingly few easy answers.

How to Keep Your Smartphone from Hurting Your RelationshipsResearch suggests ways to manage your smartphone use so you stay connected to the people around you.

Social Relations & Tech - Research and data from Pew Research CenterResearch and data on Social Relations & Tech from Pew Research Center

3. Concerns about the future of people’s well-beingAbout half of the people responding in this study were in substantial agreement that the positives of digital life will continue to outweigh the

The Kids (Who Use Tech) Seem to Be All RightA rigorous new paper uses a new scientific approach that shows the panic over teen screen time is likely overstated

Technology is changing the way we live, learn and work. How can leaders make sure we all prosper?How do we use the advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in ways that will create not just prosperity, but shared prosperity?

Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?More comfortable online than out partying, post-Millennials are safer, physically, than adolescents have ever been. But they’re on the brink of a mental-health crisis.

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