The cell is often regarded as a smart material due to its ability to sense, respond, and adapt to its mechanical environment. Our research group is particularly interested in studying the mechanical properties of the cellular matrix, which is crucial for understanding how cells maintain their structure, function, and integrity under various physiological and pathological conditions.
The cellular matrix, composed of the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM), and various cellular junctions, provides mechanical support and plays a pivotal role in cellular processes such as migration, division, and differentiation. Our research focuses on several key areas:
1. Cytoskeleton Dynamics: We investigate the structure and function of the cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments including actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These components provide mechanical strength, facilitate intracellular transport, and enable cellular movements. We study how the cytoskeleton reorganizes in response to mechanical stimuli and how this reorganization affects cellular behavior.
2. Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Interactions: The ECM is a complex network of proteins and polysaccharides that surrounds cells and provides structural support. We explore how cells interact with the ECM through integrins and other adhesion molecules, and how these interactions influence cellular mechanics. Understanding these interactions is crucial for insights into tissue development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
3. Mechanotransduction: Cells can convert mechanical signals from their environment into biochemical signals through a process known as mechanotransduction. We study the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction, including the role of mechanosensitive ion channels, focal adhesions, and signaling pathways. This research helps us understand how mechanical forces influence cell fate decisions and tissue homeostasis.
4. Cellular Deformation and Rheology: We examine how cells deform in response to external forces and how their mechanical properties, such as stiffness and viscoelasticity, change under different conditions. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), micropipette aspiration, and traction force microscopy are employed to measure these properties at the single-cell level.
5. Disease Mechanobiology: Abnormalities in cellular mechanics are associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrosis. We investigate how changes in the mechanical properties of cells and their microenvironment contribute to disease progression and how targeting these mechanical aspects can lead to new therapeutic approaches.
By studying the mechanical properties of the cellular matrix, our research aims to uncover fundamental principles of cell mechanics and their implications for health and disease. This knowledge not only enhances our understanding of cellular behavior but also paves the way for the development of innovative treatments and biomaterials that can mimic or influence cellular mechanics.