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Circulation Of the Atmosphere
The composition of the atmosphere is mainly nitrogen, which takes up around 78%, followed by oxygen at around 21%, and the last percent is a mix of gases like carbon dioxide and argon. A heat budget is the amount of heat the earth is absorbing and releasing at a given time. If these two cycles of heat are not balanced, then the earth's weather is going to change, either becoming colder or hotter. Basically, when the sun is searing down on the earth, the heat gets reflected, bounced back, and turned into heat. Atmospheric circulation is a wind pattern that occurs in the troposphere. Solar heating and atmospheric circulation are important to one another. Atmospheric circulation generates wind patterns, more solar radiation is absorbed, and heat is radiated back. The Coriolis effect is the way the earth's rotation affects the weather, wind, and ocean currents, Because it affects the wind and the earth is rotating, it turns the wind towards the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The picture below (cells, latitude, winds) comes to us in our day-to-day life as the weather; it tells us if our winds are going to be hot or cold, or if a storm is being pushed our way. It is because of this knowledge that we are able to track the winds and such. The equator is the difference between the northern and southern hemispheres is the equator. When one is going through a season and the other is going through the opposite of that season, the one in the south is also hotter than the other. This is because there is more water, which means more heat s being absorbed. The meteorological and geographical equators are in two different hemispheres, and the meteorological one dips more than the other one. Tropical cyclones and extratropical cyclones are different, tropical cyclones are warmer, and extratropical cyclones are made up of cooler air. This is because of where they pull the air in from. All three types of typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones form over the ocean and gradually make their way to land. The pressure and moisture in the wind can lead to these natural disasters. These three disasters help to cool down the effects of global warming. Global warming also intensifies these occurrences. As the sea warms, the wind becomes stronger, resulting in stronger hurricanes and other storms. Dust storms also bring about stronger winds, more pressure, and warmer weather.
Circulation of the Ocean
Westward intensification is when the currents on the west side are stronger than the currents on the east side. This happens due to the Coriolis effect: when the winds at the equator get stronger, they push one way, and one set of the two winds has to win. Surface currents are currents on top of the ocean that get pushed in a certain direction due to the winds. Ocean currents help to regulate the weather by moving hot water to colder areas and cold water to hotter areas. Upwelling is a phenomenon that occurs when water is pushed away from where it was, and then comes up through the surface to replace where the other water was (when the currents diverge, this happens). Downwelling is when the water gets pushed down below the surface. El Nino is when the ocean surface heats up in the central and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean. It then gets pushed more inland. La Nina is the same thing on the opposite side. Thermohaline means the temperature of salt. As the name suggests, thermohaline circulation is the movement of salinity and temperature. This is a worldwide current, with the warm water moving on top and the cold water moving underneath. When layers of different salinity and temperature layer on top of one another, this is referred to as density stratification. Usually, the more salt it contains, the higher up it'll be. Deep currents form from the different densities ( salt and temperature) of the water. They move through the water via different circulations and current patterns. This type of current is referred to as a "conveyor belt due to its cycling nature. Like I said earlier, it brings the warm water up and the cold water down. Bottom water is water that is the lowest layer of water in the ocean, which means that it is relatively dense.
Evidence
Climate change is affecting many different things, and among those things is ocean circulation. Ocean circulation is the way the water circles around and distributes itself throughout the world. It is directly affected by the ocean, and ocean currents themselves are caused by wind and storms. Ocean circulation is the movement of water, which helps control the climate by absorbing some of the heat. Since the ocean currents are moving, they also transport food to some of the marine life. There are three types of ocean circulation; waves, tides, and currents. The currents rely on the wind, tides, thermohaline circulation, and the earth's rotation to keep moving. Climate change is the result of greenhouse gas emissions covering and getting stuck inside the earth's atmosphere, which traps heat inside, which in turn causes the weather to heat up and the temperature to rise. When the temperature rises, it can cause many issues, like causing the glaciers to melt, the bleaching of coral, a higher sea level, and many more things. So how does climate change affect ocean circulation well When it heats up, it results in weaker currents. If the water isn't as cold, it won’t be able to circulate as properly as it should. Additionally, freshwater going into the ocean can alter the density of the water mass. The denser the water, the more layering that occurs. When the ocean starts to create more layers, boundaries occur made of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide occur. If the oxygen needed isn't able to go out to where it is needed in the deeper parts of the ocean, it can prove to be harmful to all of the marine life out in that area. Thermohaline circulation moves carbon dioxide and oxygen into the deep ocean. which can't be done if there are boundaries blocking the circulation pattern. The deep ocean contains the most carbon dioxide, if the circulation slows down, the buildup of carbon dioxide will appear in our surface waters, which ultimately end up in our atmosphere. This can lead to ocean acidification. Ocean acidification is when the ph levels start to shift in the ocean, it is caused by excess carbon dioxide, and this process usually occurs over time rather than instantly. The ocean is rather finicky, so major changes like this could be disastrous for the marine life living in proximity to the affected area. If climate change continues to plague us, it will be the end of how life currently is , everything will change. Not only will sea levels rise, but we will lose a lot of marine life and produce less oxygen as well. This could also mean severe "natural " events.
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