The current study suggests that Turkey still requires a well-organized trauma system. Further studies are required to assess the capabilities of Turkish Emergency System. Keywords: Emergency physicians, Survey, Triage, Turkish trauma system. How to cite this article: Ünlü A, Urkan M, Petrone P, Kaymak S, Lapsekili E, Ozmen P, Yilmaz S, Marini CP, Hancerliogu O, Alakus U, Zeybek N. Trauma Survey of 476 Doctors: Now We know What We Do not know. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2018;7(1):52-60. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None INTRODUCTION Trauma is the leading cause of death in the 1 to 44 years age group in developed countries.1 Worldwide, over 1.2 million people die each year in traffic collisions and 90% occur in developing countries.2 According to the Turkish Statistical Institute Bulletin, 3,685 people were killed and 274,829 were injured in 161,306 traffic collisions in 2013.3 Furthermore, starting in the year 2000, terrorist attacks with explosives have increased significantly the number of trauma victims. The terrorists’ expertise in the use of explosives has dramatically changed the injury profile faced by the military personnel, security forces, and civilians. High-velocity missile injuries from terrorist attacks in both rural and urban settings have caused significant challenges to both the civilian and military health systems in Turkey.4 In the last decade, Turkey has been focusing on improving its emergency medical care system that also provides trauma care.5 Despite studies that have assessed the causes of traumatic deaths in Turkey and the need to improve overall trauma care,6 the required components of level I trauma centers, such as providing leadership in trauma prevention and public education, providing training of the trauma team members, building a systematic teaching and research effort system to direct new innovations in trauma care, developing new strategies based on a trauma database, and others7 are still lacking. Trauma mortality rates in the Turkish trauma system are higher when compared with the mortality rates reported by trauma centers in the United States.5 Regardless of their specialty or field of interest, all doctors may encounter a trauma casualty that needs a life-saving intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine medical doctors’ general attitudes, awareness, and knowledge regarding trauma. METHODS War Surgery and Regional Blood Training Center and Blood Bank Departments at Gulhane Training and Research Hospital collaborated on developing this trauma survey. An independent medical doctor from the Department of Public Health provided the internal consistency and contributed to develop the survey questions in order to decrease the chance of bias. The survey questionnaire comprised three demographic, seven attitude, and eight knowledge questions on trauma (Questionnaire 1). The Gulhane Military Medical Academy Ethical Committee for Surveys approved the study. In order to analyze the survey data, doctors were stratified into four groups as follows: group I—general practitioners, group II—surgical residents, group III—surgeons, and group IV—academic surgical specialties (including cardiovascular surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, ear, nose, and throat). The questionnaire was uploaded to a survey website for online participants, sent via e-mail, and delivered to doctors’ offices by the authors of the study. Incomplete survey responses were excluded from analysis. The survey was conducted between February 8, 2015 and April 8, 2015. Data analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics 21.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Chi-Square test, Marascuilo procedure, Kruskal–Wallis test, Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni correction were used as appropriate. Statistical significance was accepted to corresponding to a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS A total of 476 (75%) of the 636 questionnaires were completed and included in the study analysis. Table 1 shows the demographic data and the distribution of the respondents into the four groups. The median age of respondents was 36 (range: 21–60) years. General practitioners (38.7%) and surgeons (38.7%) represented the majority of respondents (77.4%). A total of 459 (97%) of 636 survey respondents identified the role of trauma surgery as “very important” or “important” among all factors that affect public health. While a higher percentage of academic respondents (79%) identified the role of trauma surgery as “very Aytekin Ünlü et al 54 Questionnaire 1: Survey questionnaire 1. Gender: F M 2. Are you a medical specialist of any kind (including working as a resident)? Yes No 3. If your answer to the second question is no, how long have you been working as a practitioner doctor? First 5 years 5–10 years >10 years 4. If you are a specialist, you work on: