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Great questions! This report breaks down the literary and technical aspects of environmental management plans (EMPs), to show what criteria and standards set EMPs apart from other documents. 

Environmental planning is both the title of a role or document and an active practice, wherein the individuals (‘planners’ or ‘authors’) take action (‘plan’) to develop or alter environments. These actions and developments are legally required to source information from interdisciplinary documents (‘management plans’ or ‘environmental management plans’) which highlight sustainability, ethical methodology, and meticulous strategies to follow local, state, and federal laws. 

They use legal and scientific language to describe the site, its ecological and physical properties, and become increasingly detailed as the authors (environmental planners, civil engineers, anthropologists, ecologists, and public agency officials) explain the development. These authors must address the reader with a formal tone and convince them that development, using the steps outlined by the EMP, is achievable and will be successful. 

EMPs rely heavily on collaboration between experts from many fields; a cultural historian is knowledgeable about artifacts found on the site and how to preserve the history of the site durings its development, but you'd turn to a fish biologist to learn whether the parking lot you want built will harm salmon populations and earn you a hefty fine. EMPs are written so that you, the reader, can understand what actions are being taken and why these decisions were made. It makes all the overwhelming details of a development project come together in a format that makes sense. 

Learn more about the writing process, textual features, unspoken rules, reading practices, and more in the report above.