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Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a type of inkjet printing and a high-resolution micro/nanofabrication technique. In EHD printing, by applying a high voltage to a conductive nozzle, a strong electric field is created between the nozzle and a grounded substrate. The electric field causes the meniscus of the ink at the tip of the nozzle (the ink is delivered using a pressure pump/syringe pump) to change its hemispherical shape to a conical one known as the Taylor cone. Ejection of droplets or jets from the apex of the cone enables fabrication of desired patterns at the micro/nanoscale. EHD printing, as a micro/nanofabrication technique, has been used in fabrication of drug delivery systems, flexible sensors, and scaffolds. Below, I have brought observations from different jetting modes in EHD printing obtained with various working fluids (acetone, ethanol, and water with SDS surfactant).
Pulsating cone-jet (working fluid=acetone, AC-pulsed voltage=1.8 kV, voltage frequency=10 Hz, duty cycle=0.5, droplet ejection frequency=2 kHz, outer diameter of nozzle=260 μm, and working distance=3 mm). Images were recorded with a frame rate of 8000 fps
Stable cone-jet (working fluid=acetone, DC voltage=4 kV, outer diameter of nozzle=300 μm, working distance=3 mm)
Continuous micro-dripping (working fluid=acetone, DC voltage=3.5 kV, droplet ejection frequency=1200 Hz, outer diameter of nozzle=300 μm, and working distance=3 mm). Images were recorded with a frame rate of 8000 fps
Continuous micro-dripping (working fluid=water with SDS surfactant, DC voltage=4 kV, droplet ejection frequency=1400 Hz, outer diameter of nozzle=300 μm, and working distance=3 mm). Images were recorded with a frame rate of 8000 fps
Continuous micro-dripping (working fluid=ethanol, DC voltage=6.3 kV, droplet ejection frequency=300 Hz, outer diameter of nozzle=640 μm, and working distance=5 mm). Images were recorded with a frame rate of 4000 fps
Acetone-with pressure head-V=3500 DC-D=300um-20000fps-H=3000um-0915-images 1 to 100-30fps-each image 3 ms-20000fps.mp4Acetone-V=3500 DC-D=300um-20000fps-H=3000um-20000fps
Acetone-with pressure head-V=pulsating between -1800 and 1800-frequency=0-D=260um-8000fps-H=3000um-0925.mp4Acetone-V=pulsating between -1800 and 1800-D=260um-8000fps-H=3000um
medicine-with pressure head=39.5cm-pulsating voltage between -2000 and 2000-gauge 31-8000fps-H=4000um.mp4Acetone-pulsating voltage between -2000 and 2000-gauge 31-8000fps-H=4000um
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