Before we dive into concrete approaches how to interpret data and information let us point out that even that we strive to base our decisions on data and logical arguments (evidence) there is always something more in the complex world around us. Thus we should acknowledge that when interpreting the data, there is always someone (us) doing it. 

In this sense acknowledge the following when interpreting data:

-        The assumptions that are behind the interpretation (see Module 3 and 4)

-        The biases that limit us to see the reality as it is (see Module 2)

-        The limitations of language and logic itself (see Module 0 and 2)

-        The limitations to grasp complex phenomena and that facts (data) are not the reality itself (see Module 0)

-        The limitations of our resources and limits to get “all” the relevant data and information we could have (see Module 3)

-        The input of the knowledge and wisdom that is required to truly understand (in the sense in which it is actually needed to grasp and interpret the data). As we are not a tabula rasa confronted with facts (data). Our experience and knowledge is influencing the approach and methods we use and how we actually see the issue (point of view). Represented by the two pictures below:

Source: Jalaludin, Asep. (2019). Building Knowledge Sharing Behavior Based on Social Media With DIKW Model in Paguyuban Asep Dunia (PAD). 

Data considered as facts, sketches, drawings or raw materials become information, if they are given context. Therefore, information is data with specific meaning. When this information is combined with opinions, expertise, and experience, it becomes knowledge [1]. When insights of deep understanding and acknowledging the uncertainties and limitations are integrated we can call is wisdom. When connecting pieces of data without relevance and coherence it will become conspiracy theory.

[1] Taken from (with some editions) from: Source: Jalaludin, Asep. (2019). Building Knowledge Sharing Behavior Based on Social Media With DIKW Model in Paguyuban Asep Dunia (PAD). 

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