Drinking culture

The traditional drinking practices of the Paiwan people carry significant religious meaning. According to their customs, drinking is reserved for rituals, celebrations, and various community ceremonies—it occurs only under special circumstances. This practice holds sacred, social, and spiritual functions, expressing reverence for ancestral spirits. It is not merely for personal indulgence, but reflects a cultural rhythm and a respectful approach toward their beliefs. Furthermore, in the past, brewing alcohol only happened when there was a surplus of millet, which made the resulting liquor even more precious.

In addition, the Paiwan people often share the brewing process within the tribal community. This not only strengthens group cohesion but also symbolizes the transmission of their culture, fostering a strong sense of identity and belonging as indigenous people.

Colonial history

After Han Chinese culture entered indigenous societies, the traditional drinking norms of indigenous peoples were disrupted. As previously mentioned, among the Paiwan, drinking was strictly limited to rituals, celebrations, and other communal events, and alcohol itself was considered rare and precious. The Paiwan did not drink casually in everyday life. However, with the arrival of the Han people, alcohol became a commercialized product that was easier to obtain. This shifted drinking from a ritual act to a daily habit, which eventually gave rise to stereotypes and social issues such as the perception of indigenous people as heavy drinkers.

Moreover, when faced with social pressures and challenges, some indigenous individuals may have turned to alcohol as a way to escape reality and public judgment. This behavior further reinforced negative perceptions of indigenous communities and deepened existing stereotypes about alcohol abuse.

Conclusion

The influence of Han Chinese culture indeed altered the drinking patterns of indigenous peoples, leading to the association of indigenous communities with various negative stereotypes related to alcohol consumption. However, in the case of the Paiwan, their drinking practices were originally meaningful, sacred, and deeply spiritual.

Paiwan writer Liglav A-wu stated, “Drinking in Paiwan culture is an act of celebrating the harvest and expressing gratitude to ancestral spirits; it is not simply about excessive drinking.” She emphasized that true Paiwan identity lies in the ability to drink with moderation—whereas the loss of restraint is a result of external cultural influence.