Chapter 22
Ecosystems and Biomes
Lessons
Lesson 1, Energy flow in ecosystems
Lesson 2, Cycles of Matter
Lesson 3, Biogeography
NC Standard
8.L.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter (including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen)
Lesson 1, Energy flow in ecosystem
What is the role of the producer, consumer, and decomposer in an ecosystem?
How is movement of energy through an ecosystem illustrated?
What is a food chain?
What is a food web?
What is an energy pyramid?
Which organisms contain the most energy in an energy pyramid?
How much energy is transferred to the upper level in an energy pyramid?
What happens to the energy that is not transferred to the next level?
Where are there more organisms in an energy pyramid?
Which organisms are at the beginning of a food chain?
What organisms at the end of a food chain?
Biomass Pyramid
Number Pyramid
Lesson 2, Cycles of Matter
What is the water cycle?
What happens to precipitation after it falls from the clouds?
Which processes make up the water cycle?
What causes condensation?
What causes evaporation?
What causes precipitation?
How does the carbon cycle work?
How does the oxygen cycle work?
What effect do humans have on the carbon and oxygen cycles?
How does the nitrogen cycle work?
Why must there by nitrogen fixation?
EOG Questions
Consider this food web: Where is the largest amount of energy found in this food web?
a. hawk
b. grass
c. mouse
d. grasshopper
Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?
a. water
b. soil
c. air
d. sunlight
In a food pyramid, which best explains why the number of organisms decreases from one trophic level to the next?
a. Consumers at the lower level require more energy than the top-level consumers.
b. Consumers at the top level require more energy than the lower-level consumers.
c. The consumers are feeding on larger organisms that have less energy.
d. The consumers are feeding on smaller organisms that have less energy.
What would have the greatest long-term impact on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?
a. planting trees around a farm
b. cutting down trees around a farm
c. increasing the number of livestock on a farm
d. decreasing the number of livestock on a farm
What happens to most of the energy as it moves throughout a food web?
a. It is changed into light energy.
b. It is changed into heat energy.
c. It is changed into mass.
d. It is changed into decomposers.
Which best represents the flow of energy within an aquatic ecosystem?
a. algae → insects → fish → turtle → sunlight
b. insects → algae → fish → turtle → sunlight
c. sunlight → insects → algae → fish → turtle
d. sunlight → algae → insects → fish → turtle
Which best explains the importance of nitrogen in the cycling of energy and matter?
a. Nitrogen increases protein production in plants.
b. Nitrogen decreases protein production in plants.
c. Nitrogen decreases the effectiveness of photosynthesis.
d. Nitrogen increases the effectiveness of photosynthesis.
Test Review
Essay
Define the three trophic levels AND give one example.
Define each ecological pyramid.
Construct a food chain that includes you. Identify the producers and types of consumers.
